Rubens Alves Pereira

Effect of butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin on postpartum metabolism and milk production in dairy cows

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin (BTPC) supplementation on plasma metabolites and milk production in postpartum dairy cows. A total of fifty-two Holstein cows were randomly assigned to receive either: (1) 10 ml of saline (NaCl 0.9%, control group); (2) 1000 mg of butaphosphan and 0.5 mg of cyanocobalamin (BTPC1 group); and (3) 2000 mg of butaphosphan and 1.0 mg of cyanocobalamin (BTPC2 group). All cows received injections every 5 days from calving to 20 days in milk (DIM). Blood samples were collected every 15 days from calving until 75 DIM to determine serum concentration of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), cholesterol, urea, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), aminotransferase aspartate (AST) and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT). The body condition score (BCS) and milk production were evaluated from calving until 90 DIM. Increasing doses of BTPC caused a linear reduction in plasma concentrations of NEFA and cholesterol. Supplementation of BTPC also reduced concentrations of BHB but it did not differ between the two treatment doses. Milk yield and milk protein had a linear increase with increasing doses of BTPC. A quadratic effect was detected for milk fat and total milk solids according to treatment dose, and BTPC1 had the lowest mean values. Concentrations of glucose, urea, P, Mg, AST, GGT, milk lactose and BCS were not affected by treatment. These results indicate that injections of BTPC during the early postpartum period can reduce NEFA and BHB concentrations and increase milk production in Holstein cows.

Reduction of liver function delays resumption of postpartum ovarian activity and alters the synthesis of acute phase proteins in dairy cows.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of acute phase proteins, milk production, and resumption of postpartum ovarian activity of clinically healthy dairy cows in a semi-extensive system with different Liver Functionality Index (LFI) values. The animals were divided into two groups: Low LFI (LLFI: -7 to -12; n: 10) and High LFI (HLFI: -7 to -4; n: 10). Animals with LLFI had lower paraoxonase activity and lower albumin concentration in the pre- and postpartum periods (P<0.05), higher non-esterified fatty acids prepartum (P<0.005), and higher haptoglobin concentration postpartum (P<0.01). The LLFI group showed lower resumption of ovarian activity until 44days postpartum (29%; P<0.05) than HLFI (86%). Milk production did not differ between groups. Therefore, this study suggests that the LFI is an important biomarker of synthesis of acute phase proteins and the first ovulation interval, and it can be used to improve the production and reproductive performance.

Correlação entre cálcio e insulina durante o teste de tolerância à glicose em ovelhas gestantes e não gestantes

Compararam-se as concentracoes de calcio, glicose e insulina em ovelhas gestantes e nao gestantes submetidas ao teste de tolerância a glicose (TTG). Oito ovelhas gestantes (GG) e oito nao gestantes (NG) foram submetidas ao TTG por meio da administracao endovenosa de uma solucao de glicose, na dose de 500mg/kg de peso vivo. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas nos tempos de -15, zero, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 minutos, sendo zero min o momento da infusao, para avaliacao da concentracao sanguinea de glicose, calcio e insulina. Foi avaliada a taxa de metabolizacao de glicose e insulina, por meio do calculo da area sob a curva (ASC). As concentracoes de glicose, calcio, insulina e a ASC da insulina nao diferiram entre os grupos (P>0,05), entretanto as tres ultimas ASCs da glicose foram mais elevados nas gestantes (P<0,05), que correspondem ao periodo entre 90 e 180min. O teste de correlacao de Pearson revelou correlacao negativa entre concentracao de calcio e insulina nas gestantes (P<0,05). Estes resultados indicam menor taxa de metabolizacao de glicose em ovelhas gestantes e uma possivel relacao de calcio e insulina no terco final de gestacao.

Utilization of biodegradable polymers in veterinary science and routes of administration: a literature review

ABSTRACT The development of innovate pharmaceutical forms is a constant practice in research, development and innovation in laboratories, being of interest to researchers in both academia and industry. The search for knowledge on these release platforms has been gaining considerable space in several areas of study and in the development of new products. One of these areas is veterinary medicine, in which we can describe about the administrations of drug doses that can be improved with the use of sustained release tools. In this review we refer to the main biodegradable polymers utilized in veterinary science and their utilization in pharmaceutical formulations.

Calcium and Magnesium Urinary Excretion in Dairy Cows with Different Fee of Glucose Metabolization

Background: The post-partum period in dairy cows is accompanied by a low glucose metabolism in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle tissue, being glucose conducted to the milk production. In humans, low glucose metabolism is associated with metabolic syndromes, the high glucose levels reduce tubular reabsorption of Magnesium (Mg) and Calcium (Ca), leading to hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia. These minerals are important to the dairy cow, as their decrease leads to diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between glucose metabolism rate with the urinary excretion of Ca and Mg in multiparous dairy cows during the post-partum period. Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty dairy cows were used from a commercial farm southern Brazil, in the semi-extensive system. Glucose tolerance tests were performed (TTG) on day 9 relative to calving. The cows were categorized into three groups according to the glucose metabolism rate (area under the glucose curve, glucose half-life and glucose consumption rate): High Glucose Metabolization (GA); Intermediate Glucose Metabolizing (GI); and Low Glucose Metabolization (GL). Blood and urine samples were collected on days 0, + 3, + 6, + 9, +16 and +2 3 in relation to calving for to determine the levels of Ca, Mg, insulin (Ins), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and Glu. In urine was evaluated the excretion of Ca and Mg. The cows were milked twice a day (at 3:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m.) and the milk yield (kg/cow) was recorded daily and averages were generated every five days from day 15 to day 60 postpartum. The statistical analyses were performed with the MIXED procedure to assess the main effect of group, time (in days) and their interaction by using version 9.2 SAS software. The influence of the different rates of glucose metabolism on milk production was observed, the GB group had a production than GH group (30.88 ± 1.44 kg vs 23.96 ± 1.43 kg, P 0.05). Discussion: The low glucose metabolism in humans causes an increase in the excretion of Ca and Mg urine, however, in the animals studied, these changes were not observed. This result can be attributed to the fact that insulin resistance is transitory in dairy cattle. The higher glucose levels in the GL group are related due to the lower capacity of glucose entry in the peripheral tissues (adipose and skeletal muscle), which reflected in the higher milk production observed this group. However, the higher calcium concentrations were not expected, since the release of insulin by β-pancreatic cells is dependent on calcium. Possibly, these higher calcium levels in GB, are related to higher milk production, requiring a greater amount of calcium for the production of casein, increasing bone mobilization, intestinal absorption. The energy metabolites, non-esterified fatty acids and insulin, did not differ between groups, suggesting that the animals did not present different metabolic conditions. We conclude that multiparous dairy cows with low glucose metabolism rate (GB) have higher levels of glucose after delivery and increased milk production. The metabolism rate of glucose did not influence the excretion of the Ca and Mg minerals.

Relationship between pre-partum body condition score changes, acute phase proteins and energy metabolism markers during the peripartum period in dairy cows

Abstract This study evaluated the relationship of pre-partum BCS variations on the acute phase response around parturition and milk production of dairy cows. The animals were divided into two groups: cows that gained BCS from the third to the first week pre-partum (GBC = n 11) and those that lost BCS (LBC = n 9) in the same period. Blood samples were collected pre and post-partum to determine serum concentrations of glucose (GLU), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), insulin (INS), albumin (ALB), paraoxonase (PON), haptoglobin (HP) and blood cell counts. The GBC group showed higher PON concentration in the postpartum (p < .05) and higher ALB concentration both pre and postpartum periods (p < .05), whereas the LBC animals showed a higher HP concentration in both periods (p < .05). Milk yield increased 3 kg/cow/day in the group that increased their BCS (p < .03). The LBC cows showed increased monocyte counts (p < .03), in addition to having a greater number of animals with the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio higher than 1 (p < .03). The remaining parameters did not differ between groups. In conclusion, animals that lost BCS during the pre-partum period demonstrated to have a higher inflammatory status around parturition and lower milk production.

Dynamics of acute phase proteins in dairy cows with subclinical hypocalcemia

Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of subclinical hypocalcemia (SCH) on serum concentrations of acute phase proteins (APP) during the peripartum period of Holstein cows and to correlate this disorder with biochemical parameters, body condition score (BCS), body weight (BW), and milk production. According to total calcium concentrations (Cat) before calving, the animals were divided into two groups: normocalcemic (NC; >8.5 mg dL-1, n = 13) and SCH (≤8.5 mg dL-1, n = 7). Blood samples were collected in the prepartum and postpartum to determine serum concentrations of glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, phosphorus, Cat, non-esterified fatty acids, insulin, and APP: albumin (ALB), haptoglobin (HP), and paraoxonase (PON) were analysed. Prepartum, SCH group showed an increase in HP concentrations and decreased ALB related to NC. Postpartum, SCH group showed a greater decrease in BCS and BW, a reduction in negative acute phase proteins ALB and PON and increased HP, and lower milk production than NC cows. We observed that during the peripartum SCH cows experienced more evident changes in their metabolism, alterations in the synthesis of APP, BCS, BW, and milk production, there by demonstrating the importance of calcium homeostasis for health and production of dairy cows.

Butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin: effects on the aspiration of oocytes and in vitro embryo production in Jersey cows

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin effects on the production of oocytes in vivo and in vitro embryo production (IVP) during an ovum pick up (OPU) protocol. Thirty-six cows were homogeneously divided into two groups. The butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin group (CAT, n = 17), received 4500 mg of butaphosphan and 2.25 mg of cyanocobalamin and the control group (CONT, n = 19) received placebo (NaCl 0.9%). Treatment was performed at 14, 9, and 5 d prior the follicular aspiration (FA) sessions and each cow was subjected to three sessions of OPU and IVP. CAT group showed high (P < 0.05) number of aspirated follicles between 3 and 6 mm and number of oocytes grade 2 and a tendency (P = 0.10) of total number of follicles aspired. No difference (P > 0.05) was found for the number of different sizes of follicles aspired, retrieved oocytes, recovery rate, viable oocytes, blastocysts, and total viable blastocysts. In conclusion, successive butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin administrations can potentially increase IVP and quality in Jersey cows during a OPU protocol.

Combinação de butafosfan e cianocobalamina no metabolismo da glicose em vacas leiteiras após o parto

A hipotese deste estudo e de que o uso da combinacao de butafosfan e cianocobalamina pode melhorar a resistencia periferica a insulina, aumentar a quantidade de glicose disponivel para a glândula mamaria e a producao de leite. Assim, o objetivo foi investigar os efeitos combinados de butafosfan e cianocobalamina sobre o metabolismo da glicose em vacas leiteiras no periodo pos-parto. Vinte e uma vacas leiteiras foram divididas em dois grupos: grupo controle (CON, n= 11), que recebeu cinco aplicacoes de solucao salina (20mL / animal 0,9% NaCl), e grupo Catosal(r) (ABC, n= 10), que recebeu cinco aplicacoes de 20mL de uma solucao contendo as substâncias butafosfan e cianocobalamina (B12 Catosal(r), 100mg da substância butafosfan e 50µg de cianocobalamina por mL). As aplicacoes foram realizadas por via intramuscular, nos dias sete, 12, 17, 22 e 27 pos-parto. As amostras de sangue foram coletadas para a avaliacao das concentracoes plasmaticas de fosforo, glicose, acidos graxos nao esterificados (AGNE), albumina, aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e creatina quinase (CK). Nos dias oito e 28 pos-parto, os animais foram pesados e submetidos aos testes de tolerância a glicose e a insulina. O tratamento promoveu perda de peso (ABC 40,4kg, CON 10,73kg, P<0,05) e aumento da AST (ABC 62,92 ±3,31U/L, CON 53,11±3,49 U / L, P<0,05) e dos niveis de CK (ABC 134,09± 19,08U / L, CON 79,43 ± 18,27U / L). Os grupos nao diferiram quanto ao metabolismo (area sob a curva) da glicose nos dias oito e 28, porem os animais tratados tiveram um aumento na glicemia (P<0,05) no dia 28 pos-parto (97,54 ± 8,54mg / dL), apos a administracao de insulina, em comparacao ao dia oito (83,01 ± 8,54mg / dL). Assim, pode-se concluir que a combinacao de butafosfan e cianocobalamina melhora a adaptacao do metabolismo da glicose em vacas leiteiras no inicio da lactacao.

Hipomagnesemia subclínica em vacas leiteiras durante o período de transição: ocorrências hormonais e metabólicas

O objetivo, com este estudo, foi investigar as consequencias da hipomagnesemia subclinica sobre parâmetros metabolicos de vacas leiteiras. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de 12 animais, a cada dois dias, entre os dias 22 pre e 22 pos-parto, para a realizacao de analises sanguineas e determinacao do perfil metabolico. Os animais foram categorizados de acordo com os niveis sericos de magnesio: Grupo Hipomagnesemicas (n=5), com niveis abaixo de 1,8 mg/dL em ao menos dois dias consecutivos, e o Grupo Controle (n=7), com niveis acima de 1,8 mg/dL em todo o periodo. O grupo hipomagnesemicas apresentou niveis de glucagon maiores nos dias 10, 18 e 20, e a taxa Glucagon/Insulina foi maior nos dias 6, 8, 10, 12 e 16 apos o parto. As concentracoes de aspartato amino transferase foram maiores no grupo hipomagnesemicas nos dias 0, 6, 8, 10, 12 e 14 pos-parto. Os resultados indicaram que niveis reduzidos de magnesio no periparto podem estar relacionados com niveis elevados de aspartato amino transferase e de glucagon. Em geral, a hipomagnesemia subclinica nao altera os niveis dos indicadores do metabolismo energetico, mas os resultados demonstraram que as vacas com hipomagnesemia apresentaram maior taxa de glucagon/insulina, demonstrando um maior desafio para manter os niveis glicemicos.