Rubens Côrte Real de Carvalho

Influence of intrapulpal pressure simulation on the bond strength of adhesive systems to dentin

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of intrapulpal pressure simulation on the bonding effectiveness of etch & rinse and self-etch adhesives to dentin. Eighty sound human molars were distributed into eight groups, according to the permeability level of each sample, measured by an apparatus to assess hydraulic conductance (Lp). Thus, a similar mean permeability was achieved in each group. Three etch & rinse adhesives (Prime & Bond NT - PB, Single Bond -SB, and Excite--EX) and one self-etch system (Clearfil SE Bond--SE) were employed, varying the presence or absence of an intrapulpal pressure (IPP) simulation of 15 cmH2O. After adhesive and restorative procedures were carried out, the samples were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37 degrees C, and taken for tensile bond strength (TBS) testing. Fracture analysis was performed using a light microscope at 40 X magnification. The data, obtained in MPa, were then submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test ( a = 0.05). The results revealed that the TBS of SB and EX was significantly reduced under IPP simulation, differing from the TBS of PB and SE. Moreover, SE obtained the highest bond strength values in the presence of IPP. It could be concluded that IPP simulation can influence the bond strength of certain adhesive systems to dentin and should be considered when in vitro studies are conducted.

Micro-mechanical bond strength tests for the assessment of the adhesion of GIC to dentine

Abstract Background. The aim of this study is to critically evaluate the bond strength (BS) of Glass-Ionomer Cements (GIC) to dentine with microtensile (μTBS) and microshear (μSBS) BS tests by assessing their rankings and failure patterns. Methods. Samples were made on flat dentine surfaces and submitted to μTBS and μSBS. The materials used were: high viscosity GIC (Ketac™ Molar Aplicap-KM), resin-modified GIC (Fuji II-FII), nano-filled resin-modified GIC (Ketac™ N100-N100) and an etch-and-rinse adhesive system with a composite resin (Adper™ Single Bond 2 and Z100™-Z100). All tests were performed with a Universal Testing Machine (24 h water storage, crosshead speed of 1 mm/min). Debonded surfaces were examined with a stereomicroscope (×40) to identify the failure mode. The data was analyzed with two-way ANOVA (p < 0.05) and LSD test. Results. Means were statistically different regarding the tests and materials, indicating that values for BS obtained for each material depend on the test performed. Failure analysis revealed that failures produced by μTBS were mainly cohesive for KM and FII. μSBS failures were mainly adhesive or mixed for all materials. For the μTBS, the rank was Z100 > FII > KM = N100, whereas for the μSBS it was Z100 = FII = KM > N100. Conclusion: It may be concluded that distinct micro-mechanical tests present different failure patterns and rankings depending on the material to be considered.

Infiltração marginal em cavidades de classe V restauradas com materiais estéticos, utilizando diferentes técnicas restauradoras

The purpose of this study was to compare the microleakage of class V cavities restored with composite resin (CR), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and polyacid-modified resin composite (PAMRC), using different clinical procedures. Thirty-six noncarious human molars were used in this study. A class V cavity, measuring approximately 3 mm x 4 mm x 2 mm, was prepared in each tooth in both buccal and lingual aspects, with a diamond bur (number 1,093) at high speed, with coolant water spray. The occlusal margin was located on enamel and the gingival margin was located on dentin. The teeth were divided into 9 groups with 8 specimens each. The cavities were restored according to different techniques. The specimens from groups 1, 2, 4 and 5 did not receive acid etching. The samples were stored in water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours, subjected to occlusal load, thermocycled and immersed in rhodamine B. The restorations were then washed and sectioned in buccolingual direction. The depth of dye penetration was scored from zero (no leakage) to 3 (maximum leakage). The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed statistically significant differences between the materials (p < 0.05). PAMRC used without acid etching showed the greatest score of leakage in both margins. In the gingival margin, CR showed scores of leakage lower than those of PAMRC and RMGIC. Additional retentions and acid etching were able to decrease microleakage in PAMRC restorations in both gingival and occlusal margins.

Avaliação in vitro da força de união, através de teste de tração, de porcelana feldspática com diversos tratamentos superficiais à resina composta

In the search for the recovery of the dental aspect, the porcelain stands out among restoring materials. The use of this material has increased considerably over the last years, therefore increasing the probability of fractures. Even so, not every failure demands the restoration of the material: the possibility of a repair exists with compounded resin. This study proposed to evaluate in vitro the bonding strength of the composite resin to feldspathic porcelain with several surface treatments: roughened with diamond burs or sandblasted with aluminum oxide of 50 micra, isolated or associatedly etched with phosphoric acid for 15 seconds, or with hydrofluoric acid for 1 or 4 minutes. All the specimens were previously regularized with 220-grit silicon carbide paper. After the superficial treatments, they received the adhesive system for porcelain, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Dental Plus Adhesive System (3M). After making the union with the composed resin (Restorative Z100, 3M), they were stored in distilled water at 37oC, for 7 days, followed by thermocycling (600 cycles of 1 minute, between 5 and 55oC), and submitted to a tensile strength test. With the obtained results, the conclusion was that with all the proposed treatments an improvement happened in the resistance of the tensile bonding strength (when compared to those observed in the group control without any superficial treatment). The sandblasting produced a better resistance than the roughening with a diamond bur; but, when associated to the etching with any of the selected acids, independent of the time of application, there was no statistical difference among those treatments.

Shear bond strength of glass-ionomer cements to dentin: Effects of dentin depth and type of material activation

The purpose of this study was to determine, through the shear bond strength of in vitro tests, that the type of glass-ionomer cements (conventional or hybrid) and dentin depth (superficial or deep) are factors that may influence the adhesion of these materials to the dentin structure. Specimens of two conventional glass-ionomer cements (Vidrion R® - SS White and Chelon Fil®- Espe) and a hybrid-glass ionomer cement (Vitremer® - 3M) were separated in groups and prepared for the shear bond strength test. The results submitted to statistical analysis were (all values are in MPa): Group I - Vidrion R - superficial dentin 1.97 (± 0.56); deep dentin 3.15 (± 1.51); Group II - Chelon Fil - superficial dentin 2.43 (± 1.43); deep dentin 3.21 (± 0.89); and Group III - Vitremer - superficial dentin 7.04 (± 2.04); deep dentin 10.30 (± 1.99). There were significant differences between dentin depth and type of materials