Rui Paixão

O Iowa Gambling Task: uma revisão crítica

The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is a widely used task in the assessment of the decision-making ability. In this article, we conduct a literature review by comparing IGT versions, different performance assessment measures, and changes to procedures including feedback, spatial randomization of decks, number of trials, number of cards per deck, instructions, payment, and rewards and punishments. On basis of this analysis, we conclude that different versions of the task, changes in application procedures and different measures used to assess the task have an impact on performance, thereby affecting comparison among studies and generalization of results. Finally, we offer suggestions to define adequate procedures.

Cumulative Vulnerability: A Case Study on intrafamilial violence, Drug Addiction and Adolescent Pregnancy

A pregnant adolescents vulnerability increases when she is a victim of intrafamilial violence and drug addiction, which cause physical and biopsychosocial damage to the mother and her baby. Objective Present and analyze the case of an adolescent who is addicted to drugs, pregnant and the victim of lifelong intrafamilial violence. Method A case study based on a semi-structured interview conducted in the Obstetrics Emergency Unit at the Teaching Hospital of the University of São Paulo. The data were interpreted and analyzed using Content Analysis. Results intrafamilial violence experienced at the beginning of the adolescents early relationships seriously affected her emotional maturity, triggering the development of psychopathologies and leaving her more susceptible to the use and abuse of alcohol and other drugs. The adolescent is repeating her history with her daughter, reproducing the cycle of violence. Conclusion Adolescent pregnancy combined with intrafamilial violence and drug addiction and multiplies the adolescents psychosocial vulnerability increased the adolescents vulnerability.A vulnerabilidade da adolescente gravida potencializa-se ao ser vitima de violencia domestica e toxicodependente, causando danos fisicos e biopsicossociais para si e para o bebe. Objectivo Apresentar e analisar o caso de uma adolescente toxicodependente, gravida e vitima de violencia domestica ao longo da vida. Metodo “estudo de caso” baseado numa entrevista semi-estruturada, realizada no Pronto Atendimento de Obstetricia do Hospital Universitario da Universidade de Sao Paulo. Os dados foram interpretados e analisados segundo a Analise de Conteudo. Resultados A violencia domestica vivenciada no inicio das relacoes primordiais afetou gravemente o amadurecimento emocional da adolescente, desencadeando o desenvolvimento de psicopatologias e ficando mais suscetivel ao uso e abuso de alcool e outras drogas. A adolescente repete sua historia com sua filha, reproduzindo o ciclo da violencia. Conclusao A gravidez na adolescencia somada a violencia domestica e a toxicodependencia potencializou a vulnerabilidade psicossocial da adolescente.

Teste de Reconhecimento Paralinguístico das Emoções

O presente trabalho tem como objectivo a criacao de um instrumento de reconhecimento de emocoes expressas vocalmente (TRPE), utilizando para o efeito 40 repeticoes de uma mesma frase, reproduzidas por 6 actores (3 de cada sexo), considerando seis emocoes basicas: alegria, raiva, medo, nojo, tristeza e surpresa. Os estimulos auditivos foram testados numa amostra de 478 sujeitos oriundos de Portugal Continental e Ilha da Madeira. As emocoes que apresentam os maiores niveis de reconhecimento sao a Raiva, a Tristeza e o Medo, enquanto a Surpresa e mais ainda o Nojo se destacam por apresentarem niveis mais baixos de reconhecimento. Entre os sujeitos evidenciam-se diferencas no reconhecimento das emocoes assim expressas, particularmente entre homens e mulheres (com vantagem para estas ultimas). Foram ainda verificadas algumas diferencas significativas no reconhecimento das emocoes considerando as variaveis idade, nivel socioeconomico, habilitacoes academicas e zona de habitacao (Continente - Madeira), embora as magnitudes dessas diferencas se apresentem baixas.

Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Schools: Validation of a Questionnaire

The present study examines the psychometric properties (including factorial validity) of an organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) scale in a school context. A total of 321 middle and high school teachers from 59 schools in urban and rural areas of central Portugal completed the OCB scale at their schools. The confirmatory factor analysis validated a hierarchical model with four latent factors on the first level (altruism, conscientiousness, civic participation and courtesy) and a second order factor (OCB). The revised model fit with the data, χ 2 /gl = 1.97; CFI = .962; GFI = .952, RMSEA = .05. The proposed scale (comportamentos de cidadania organizacional em escolas- Revista CCOE-R)- is a valid instrument to assess teachers perceptions of OCB in their schools, allowing investigation at the organizational level of analysis.

Vulnerabilidade cumulativa: Estudo de um Caso de Violência Doméstica, Toxicodependência e Gravidez na Adolescência

A pregnant adolescents vulnerability increases when she is a victim of intrafamilial violence and drug addiction, which cause physical and biopsychosocial damage to the mother and her baby. Objective Present and analyze the case of an adolescent who is addicted to drugs, pregnant and the victim of lifelong intrafamilial violence. Method A case study based on a semi-structured interview conducted in the Obstetrics Emergency Unit at the Teaching Hospital of the University of São Paulo. The data were interpreted and analyzed using Content Analysis. Results intrafamilial violence experienced at the beginning of the adolescents early relationships seriously affected her emotional maturity, triggering the development of psychopathologies and leaving her more susceptible to the use and abuse of alcohol and other drugs. The adolescent is repeating her history with her daughter, reproducing the cycle of violence. Conclusion Adolescent pregnancy combined with intrafamilial violence and drug addiction and multiplies the adolescents psychosocial vulnerability increased the adolescents vulnerability.A vulnerabilidade da adolescente gravida potencializa-se ao ser vitima de violencia domestica e toxicodependente, causando danos fisicos e biopsicossociais para si e para o bebe. Objectivo Apresentar e analisar o caso de uma adolescente toxicodependente, gravida e vitima de violencia domestica ao longo da vida. Metodo “estudo de caso” baseado numa entrevista semi-estruturada, realizada no Pronto Atendimento de Obstetricia do Hospital Universitario da Universidade de Sao Paulo. Os dados foram interpretados e analisados segundo a Analise de Conteudo. Resultados A violencia domestica vivenciada no inicio das relacoes primordiais afetou gravemente o amadurecimento emocional da adolescente, desencadeando o desenvolvimento de psicopatologias e ficando mais suscetivel ao uso e abuso de alcool e outras drogas. A adolescente repete sua historia com sua filha, reproduzindo o ciclo da violencia. Conclusao A gravidez na adolescencia somada a violencia domestica e a toxicodependencia potencializou a vulnerabilidade psicossocial da adolescente.

A comparison of the perceptions of Love, Anger, and Guilt in Portugal and the United States and implications for counseling

Abstract This study compared the ways that graduate and undergraduate counseling and psychology students from Portugal and the United States evaluated the feelings of Love, Anger and Guilt. Utilizing a semantic differential, a multivariate analysis of variance was employed in which the independent variables were Country and Gender and the dependent variables were the evaluative and potency scales of Love, Anger and Guilt. There was no significant main effect for gender and there was no significant interaction effect for gender by country. There was a significant main effect for country. It was found that students from the United States evaluated Anger more positively than the Portuguese students and that the Portuguese students evaluated Guilt more positively than the United States students. These findings have implications that are relevant to the counseling process.

The “Inventory of Father Involvement–Short Form” among Portuguese fathers: Psychometric properties and contribution to father involvement measurement.

The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Inventory of Father Involvement–Short Form (IFI-SF) with respect to its factor structure, reliability, and preliminary concurrent and discriminant validity (Study 1), and to confirm the factor structure in a different sample (Study 2). In Study 1, 380 men (M = 42.2, SD = 6.8) completed the IFI-SF translated version, and a subgroup of 92 men also completed the Portuguese versions of the Parenting Stress Index–Short Form, the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire–Short Form, and the Paternal Involvement Scale. In Study 2, 220 men (M = 43.1, SD = 6.1) completed the IFI-SF translated version. The results of confirmatory factor analyses (Study 1) found that the Portuguese IFI-SF had a bifactor structure, dissimilar to that of the original version. More specifically, a model depicting a general factor and 9 first-order factors was confirmed, with omega hierarchical coefficients indicating that only an IFI-SF global score should be calculated/interpreted. This structure was confirmed in Study 2. Cronbach’s alpha reliabilities in Study 1 and 2 were .93 and .95 for the global scale, respectively. Moreover, there was preliminary evidence of the scale’s concurrent and discriminant validity. These results indicate that the measure is suitable for use in the Portuguese context with an interpretable global score, and may be a useful tool for research regarding the positive aspects of men’s parental involvement, as such information may also be relevant in cross-cultural studies.

Otimismo académico: confirmação de um construto na realidade portuguesa

Varios estudos nos EUA e em Taiwan tem confirmado a existencia de uma propriedade coletiva das escolas designada como otimismo academico, constituida pela interacao dinâmica de tres outras dimensoes (eficacia coletica, confianca nos pais e alunos e enfase academica). O objetivo deste trabalho e verificar se, em escolas de um contexto cultural diferente, o otimismo academico pode tambem ser considerado como um construto unico, que se manifesta atraves da percecao da eficacia coletiva dos docentes, da confianca do seu corpo docente nos estudantes e nos pais e da enfase academica. A amostra deste estudo e constituida por 382 professores de 35 escolas portuguesas. Os indices fornecidos pela analise fatorial confirmatoria ( X 2 = 100.9 gl = 5 ; GFI =.958; CFI=.964; RMSEA=.051) suportam a adequacao do modelo aos dados e permitem concluir que, tambem no contexto europeu, o otimismo academico pode ser visto como uma propriedade coletiva das escolas subjacente a tres outras propriedades: eficacia coletica, confianca nos pais e alunos e enfase academica.

Reward Expectation Modulates the Identification of Facial Expressions of Emotion in Antisocial Offenders

This study assessed the expectation effects of monetary reward and monetary response cost on the performance of 57 offenders and 47 controls in a facial emotion identification task, applying a randomised cross-over design with three experimental conditions (monetary reward, monetary response cost and no-contingency). Offenders showed a poor performance compared with normal controls when the condition was monetary reward, but no differences between groups were found for the two other conditions. Within group analysis, offenders performed better when their response involved a monetary cost than a monetary reward. These results suggest that offenders may have a specific, reward-oriented motivational pattern, in which the expectation of having a monetary reward interferes negatively with the identification of facially expressed emotions, whereas the expectation of monetary cost does not seem to interfere with their performance. So, the performance of antisocial offenders in emotional identification tasks seems to be monetary condition specific.

Cumulative Vulnerability: A Case Study on Domestic Violence, Drug Addiction and Adolescent Pregnancy

A pregnant adolescents vulnerability increases when she is a victim of intrafamilial violence and drug addiction, which cause physical and biopsychosocial damage to the mother and her baby. Objective Present and analyze the case of an adolescent who is addicted to drugs, pregnant and the victim of lifelong intrafamilial violence. Method A case study based on a semi-structured interview conducted in the Obstetrics Emergency Unit at the Teaching Hospital of the University of São Paulo. The data were interpreted and analyzed using Content Analysis. Results intrafamilial violence experienced at the beginning of the adolescents early relationships seriously affected her emotional maturity, triggering the development of psychopathologies and leaving her more susceptible to the use and abuse of alcohol and other drugs. The adolescent is repeating her history with her daughter, reproducing the cycle of violence. Conclusion Adolescent pregnancy combined with intrafamilial violence and drug addiction and multiplies the adolescents psychosocial vulnerability increased the adolescents vulnerability.A vulnerabilidade da adolescente gravida potencializa-se ao ser vitima de violencia domestica e toxicodependente, causando danos fisicos e biopsicossociais para si e para o bebe. Objectivo Apresentar e analisar o caso de uma adolescente toxicodependente, gravida e vitima de violencia domestica ao longo da vida. Metodo “estudo de caso” baseado numa entrevista semi-estruturada, realizada no Pronto Atendimento de Obstetricia do Hospital Universitario da Universidade de Sao Paulo. Os dados foram interpretados e analisados segundo a Analise de Conteudo. Resultados A violencia domestica vivenciada no inicio das relacoes primordiais afetou gravemente o amadurecimento emocional da adolescente, desencadeando o desenvolvimento de psicopatologias e ficando mais suscetivel ao uso e abuso de alcool e outras drogas. A adolescente repete sua historia com sua filha, reproduzindo o ciclo da violencia. Conclusao A gravidez na adolescencia somada a violencia domestica e a toxicodependencia potencializou a vulnerabilidade psicossocial da adolescente.