Sadru Kabani

Detection of preinvasive cancer cells

More than 85% of all cancers originate in the epithelium that lines the internal surfaces of organs throughout the body. Although these are readily treatable provided they are diagnosed in one of the preinvasive stages, early lesions are often almost impossible to detect. Here we present a new optical-probe technique based on light-scattering spectroscopy that is able to detect precancerous and early cancerous changes in cell-rich epithelia.

Autofluorescence characteristics of oral mucosa

The fluorescence characteristics of tissues depend upon their biochemical composition and histomorphological architecture, both of which undergo a change during malignant transformation. These changes are detectable as an alteration in the fluorescence spectral profile of the tissues.

Adverse effects of mouthwash use. A review.

Many persons use mouthrinses as a part of their routine oral hygiene. Although rinses impart some benefits to users, improper use of mouthrinses may result in various side effects. This paper reviews the adverse effects of mouthwash use as reported in the English-language literature.

Diagnosis of Head and Neck Precancerous Lesions in an Animal Model Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Laser‐induced fluorescence (LIF) of tissues depends on their biochemical and histomorphologic characteristics. LIF spectroscopic properties of 9,10‐dimethyl‐1,2‐benzanthracene (DMBA)‐induced precancerous and early cancerous lesions in a hamster buccal pouch mucosa model were studied. Fluorescence spectra from neoplastic lesions showed a characteristic fluorescence peak in the red region of the visible spectrum centered between 630 and 640 nm when excited with 410‐nm light. Using this as a diagnostic criterion, 45 of 49 lesions studied were correctly diagnosed, including early dysplastic lesions. Follow‐up study of four dysplastic lesions over 2 weeks revealed an increase in red fluorescence intensity. The findings of these experiments suggest that LIF spectroscopy may be a valuable noninvasive technique not only for early diagnosis of head and neck cancer, but also to probe a possible biochemical surrogate biomarker in the follow‐up of suspected lesions.

Oral hairy leukoplakia with extensive oral mucosal involvement: Report of two cases

Oral hairy leukoplakia (HL) is a lesion that occurs predominantly on the tongue in HIV-infected persons. Evidence strongly indicates that HL is related to the presence of Epstein-Barr virus in the epithelial cells. The lesion appears on the lateral border of the tongue as a painless, white plaque varying in size from a few millimeters to extensive lingual involvement. Histopathologically, the characteristic findings are hyperparakeratosis, hyperplasia, and ballooning of prickle cells resembling koilocytosis. HL is now considered a frequent, early, and specific sign of HIV infection and a strong indicator that AIDS will develop in the patient. We report on two cases of HL with marked oral mucosal involvement with extension to the pharyngeal mucosa.

Diagnostic fluorescence spectroscopy of oral mucosa

Autofluorescence characteristics of normal, dysplastic, and malignant squamous tissues from the oral cavity were measured with a spectrofluorometer in the excitation range of 250 - 500 nm and emission range of 350 - 750 nm. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEM) were obtained from samples collected from patients in the clinic and in the operating room. The same samples were submitted for histopathological examination following spectroscopic measurements. The contour plots obtained from the EEMs of the samples showed consistent differences between normal and abnormal tissues. All the abnormal samples showed enhanced red region (> 600 nm) fluorescence with a prominent peak at 635 nm, when excited by 410 nm light. A ratio contour plot (abnormal/normal) enhanced spectral differences in the red region. A fiber-optic based spectrofluorometer for EEM measurements is being developed for further investigations.

Comparative tissue tolerance of a new endodontic sealer

An experimental radiopaque resin root canal sealer was tested for tissue biocompatibility in rat connective tissue. The controls were four widely used sealers: Sealapex, Kerrs sealer, AH-26, and Roths sealer. Polyethylene tubes were filled with the sealers and allowed to set for 24 hours in 100% humidity. Each sealer was implanted in the connective tissue of Sprague-Dawley rats and removed after 3, 10, 20, 30, and 60 days, fixed, and histologically prepared for light microscope evaluation. At each time period there was practically no difference in the reaction of all the sealers. By 60 days, the total picture was one of well-tolerated biocompatibility.

Intraoral liposarcoma: Case report and review of the literature

The purposes of this article are to present a case report of liposarcoma of the tongue and to review the existing literature regarding liposarcomas with intraoral locations.

Atypical lymphohistiocytic infiltrate (pseudolymphoma) of the oral cavity

In the oral cavity, differentiation between reactive and neoplastic lymphoproliferative lesions can, at times, be very difficult. We report an unusual case in which immunohistochemical findings were necessary to determine that the lesion was reactive despite the original interpretation of malignant lymphoma. The relationship of this lesion to atypical histiocytic granuloma, angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia, and traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia is discussed and possible pathogenetic mechanisms are proposed. The value of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of extranodal lymphoproliferative lesions is emphasized.

The neuronal basis for diplopia following local anesthetic injections

The case report presented here describes a situation in which diplopia resulted as an effect secondary to maxillary infiltration anesthesia. Prior cases and theories regarding the mechanisms involved are reviewed, and a new theory explaining this phenomenon is proposed. The autonomic nervous system is presented as the logical basis for the untoward systems, rather than simple circulation of anesthetic solution in the vascular tree.