Safdar Rehman Ghazi

Age, gender and job satisfaction among elementary school head teachers in Pakistan

The purpose of this study was to explore general job satisfaction of elementary school head teachers in Pakistan with respect to their age and gender. One hundred and eighty head teachers were sampled from government elementary schools of Toba Tek Singh, Punjab, Pakistan, to collect the relevant data using a modified version of the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. Significant differences based on age and gender were found among the head teachers’ level of job satisfaction. Younger and older head teachers were found to be significantly more satisfied than the middle-aged head teachers. Female head teachers were found to be significantly more satisfied than their male counterparts. This article explores a range of job satisfaction issues in terms of age and gender and identifies implications for practice, policy and further research.

Problems Faced by Female Teachers at Primary Level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

The schooling structure of Pakistan, in terms of quality education and knowledge having the lowest ranking position in the globe. Several reasons can be held to blame for this state of affairs.i.e the quality of learning and competency level of both students and teachers in Pakistan is among the poorest in the region. One of the reasons is the low level of educational qualifications required to become a primary school teacher. Another is the quality of teacher certification programs, which suffers from the lack of adequately trained trainers, little emphasis on teaching practice and non-existence of proper support/monitoring system for teachers. Teacher and its role is one of these rudiments. Because teacher is key part of the schooling and learning progression, which faces diverse tribulations owing to which they cannot play their roles efficiently in the education process. This ongoing text is based on a systematic analysis of the on hand text, decisively analyses the tribulations faced by female primary school teachers in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Conclusion of this present on hand study reveals that teachers are not as much should be provoked towards teaching occupation, due to their appointments, transfers, place of posting and individual promotions, rapid rate of bribery and political affiliations and interference relatively than on merit. In many cases female teachers are appointed in inaccessible areas, where they not only faced with lodging and transport tribulations. The on hand study in additional establish that female teachers are overburdened with additional classes due to lack of teaching staff in primary schools, especially on one side female teachers face huge shortage of teaching and learning resources in schools and on the other side there are smaller amount proficient development opportunities for all teachers especially for female teachers. These few mentioned factors have very much affected the procedure of schooling and education in schools. The on hand study recommends that the problems of female teachers could be resolved to somehow by establishing an atmosphere of faith and intensification the system of answerability, on condition that schooling and education assets to female primary schools, providing ongoing proficient advancement opportunities and incentives to those devoted female teachers, making transparent appointments system and making clear promotions procedure just on merit, making arrangement for providing enough teaching and non teaching staff to female primary schools and rooting out the evil of political interference and involvement.