Sakineh Mofrad

Effect of self-esteem in the relationship between stress and substance abuse among adolescents: A mediation outcome

The present study assessed the mediating effect of self-esteem in the relationship between stress and substance abuse among adolescents. The participants of the study were 352 adolescents, 54.5% males and 45.5% females aged 13 to18 years, from selected secondary schools in Somolu, Lagos, Nigeria. Substance abuse was measured with the Drug Abuse Screening Test, while stress was measured with the Perceived Stress Scale, and Self-esteem was measured with the Rosenberg Self-esteem scale. The study ascertained a negative and large correlation (r = -.538, p <.01) between stress and self-esteem, similar results (r = -.536, p <.01) was found between self-esteem and substance abuse and a positive and medium correlation (r = .360, p <.01) was found between stress and substance abuse. Self-esteem partially mediated the relationship between stress and substance abuse. Recommendations of the study highlighted the need for greater enlightenment on the importance of self-esteem particularly among adolescents

Do Children With Different Attachment Type Perceive Different Parental Rearing

Abstract This study examined the likely direction of influence between perceived parental rearing and attachment type among first grade school children. Measures of perceived parental rearing and attachment type were administered to children through interview (n=120). The results revealed that securely attached children perceived their mothers as warmer than insecurely attached children. Ambivalently attached children perceived their mother as overprotective, anxious and less warm. More so, avoidantly attached children perceived their mothers as less warm and less protective. Further findings indicated that, ambivalently attached children perceived their mothers as overprotective and anxious than avoidant children. These results provide new insight into the direction of effects between attachment and perceived parental rearing during childhood. Future studies may consider moderating variables which may affect the relationship between perceived parental rearing and attachment style.

Investigating Life Skills among Young Students in Malaysia

The study examined the life-skills perception of freshmen undergraduate students. The respondents of the survey were 500 young adults aged 18 to 25 years from selected universities in Subang Jaya, Malaysia. Life-skills Development Inventory-College Form was used to measure life skills in four domains: interpersonal communication, decision making, health maintenance and identity development. The finding revealed significant gender difference in health maintenance. Recommendations of the study underscored the relevance of the findings in interventions and skills building activities.