Salih Karabörklü

Gamma radiation sensitivity of the eggs, larvae and pupae of Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

BACKGROUNDnThis study focused on determining the minimal effective gamma radiation dose that prevents commodity damage caused by the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Hübner). The study was also designed to assess the effect of releasing either partially sterilized males alone or both partially sterilized males and females on the reproductive potential of P. interpunctella populations.nnnRESULTSnThe dose of radiation required to prevent larval emergence from irradiated eggs was 350 Gy, and the same dose was also required to prevent adult emergence from mature larvae. A dose of 300 Gy was not able to prevent adult emergence from irradiated pupae. The dose at which 100% sterility was achieved in treated females mated to treated males was 300 Gy for the parental generation of irradiated pupae. Fertility of the parental males from irradiated pupae was 48.17% at 300 Gy in treated males crossed with untreated females, but male progeny of irradiated male parents had a residual fertility of 11.06% at the same dose.nnnCONCLUSIONnF(1) males from irradiated pupae were more sterile than parental males. To prevent larval emergence from irradiated eggs, a dose of 350 Gy is required. The same dose is required to prevent the larvae from reaching the adult stage.

Effect of cold storage and different diets on Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lep:Pyralidae)

Ephestia kuehniella adults were stored at 10°C for 1–10xa0weeks. Reproductive ability and number of living adults decreased depending on the length of the storage period. Long-term exposure to cold lengthened the life of the adults and 50% mortality was reached after 6xa0weeks. To obtain complete mortality and sterility 10xa0weeks of storage was needed. The larvae reared on corn flour diet developed to the adult stage more rapidly than that of the other treatments. The adults reared on oat flour produced significantly more eggs than the other diets. There was no difference among diets with regard to emergence rate, longevity or sex ration of E. kuehniella adults. Trichogramma evanescens did not differentiate among hosts from different food sources with respect to parasitization, adult emergence and sex ratio. The suitability of the eggs from cold-exposed adults with respect to parasitization was found to be the same as the control during the first 3xa0weeks.

Chemical Composition and Fumigant Toxicity of Some Essential Oils Against Ephestia kuehniella

ABSTRACT n The chemical constituents of some essential oils extracted from aromatic plants (savory, Satureja thymbra L.; Turkish oregano, Origanum onites L.; myrtle, Myrtus communis L.; marjoram, Origanum majorana L.; laurel, Laurus nobilis L.; lemon, Citrus limon L.; sticky goosefoot, Chenopodium botrysh L.; and tansy, Tanecetum armenum [DC] Suchultz Bip.) were analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry. Fumigant toxicity of volatile compounds was tested against Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), eggs and adults. Percentage of mortality and longevity of E. kuehniella adults were estimated after essential oil treatments. LC50 and LC99 values were determined for each exposure time for each essential oil. Marjoram and lemon oils were the most effective of all the essential oils tested. The major components were linalool, 1.8-cineole, citral, 2-(4a.8-dimethyl-1.2.3.4.4a.5.6.7-octahydro-naphthalen-2-yl)-prop-2-en-l-ol, and p-cymene for marjoram, laurel, lemon, goosefoot, and tansy, respectively. The LC50 and LC99 values were estimated as 3.27 and 5.13 µl liter-1 air for marjoram and 4.05 and 5.57 µl liter-1 air for lemon essential oils at the longest exposure time. Decreasing longevity effect of marjoram and lemon was more prominent compared with other essential oils. We suggest that essential oils obtained from certain aromatic plants have potential as fumigants for stored product pests.