Samuel Jorge Moysés

Capital social e a agenda de pesquisa em epidemiologia

Social capital refers to those features of social organization that enable participants to act together and more effectively pursue common goals. A growing body of evidence suggests that societies with high levels of social capital have lower morbidity and mortality rates and higher life expectancy and are less violent. The main goal of this article is to review the relationship between social capital and health. First, the main concepts and criticisms of social capital theory are discussed. Next, commonly used assessment tools are elucidated. Then, the relationship between social capital and health is analyzed. Finally, the article comments on the theorys application to Brazilian reality. If scientific rigor is applied to social capital research, recognizing theoretical and methodological difficulties, it can expand the research agenda and contribute to a better understanding of how to effectively deal with health inequalities.

Avaliação da percepção das equipes de saúde bucal da Secretaria Municipal da Saúde de Curitiba (PR) sobre o tratamento restaurador atraumático (ART)

Avaliou-se a percepcao das equipes de saude bucal sobre o tratamento restaurador atraumatico (ART) como estrategia da atencao basica em saude bucal na Secretaria Municipal da Saude de Curitiba (PR). Foram pesquisadas as Unidades de Saude (US) que trabalham com a Estrategia da Saude da Familia (USESF) e as que nao trabalham (USB). A amostra foi de 191 profissionais proporcionalmente (IC=95%, e=6%). Utilizou-se questionario para a coleta de dados. As informacoes foram analisadas por meio do programa SPSS 13.0. A taxa de resposta foi 82%. O teste qui-quadrado nao revelou diferenca estatisticamente significativa entre as USESF (83,1%) e USB (74,3%) quanto ao conhecimento da tecnica (p>0,05). Diferenca foi encontrada quanto a capacitacao em ART entre as diferentes US (p<0,01) e o emprego da tecnica no servico (p<0,01). Os tempos de formacao e de atuacao profissionais na secretaria foram relevantes sobre conhecimento da tecnica e tomada de decisao clinica frente ao ART. Concluiu-se que a capacitacao sobre ART e necessaria na atencao basica, em virtude das diferentes percepcoes reveladas.

Determinants of Dental Care Attendance during Pregnancy: A Systematic Review

Despite the fact that dental care attendance during pregnancy has been recommended by guidelines and institutions, the demand for dental services is still low among pregnant women. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the determinants of dental care attendance during pregnancy. We performed a systematic literature search in the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Brazilian Library in Dentistry, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Medline using relevant keywords. Studies were filtered by publication year (2000-2016) and language (English, Portuguese, Spanish, and French). The included studies were assessed for quality. Their characteristics and statistically significant factors were reported. Fourteen papers were included in the review. The prevalence of dental service usage during pregnancy ranged from 16 to 83%. Demographic factors included womens age, marital status, parity, and nationality. The socioeconomic factors were income, educational level, and type of health insurance. Many psychological and behavioral factors played a role, including oral health practices, oral health and pregnancy beliefs, and health care maintenance. Referred symptoms of gingivitis, dental pain, or dental problems were perceived need. Demographic, socioeconomic, psychological, behavioral factors and perceived need were associated with the utilization of dental services during pregnancy. More well-designed studies with reliable outcomes are required to confirm the framework described in this review.

KLK4 Gene and Dental Decay: Replication in a South Brazilian Population

Objective: The objective of this research was to identify and replicate the participation of KLK4 gene polymorphisms in the susceptibility to dental decay. Methods: A total of 200 patients were recruited using ICDAS criteria - 100 of them with dental caries and 100 with no history of the disease. Buccal cells were collected and the DNA was extracted and amplified using PCR. Results: During the descriptive analysis, the variables ethnicity, biofilm, and gingivitis and the markers rs2242670 and rs2978642 were statistically significant. In the multivariate analysis, the marker rs2242670 and the variable biofilm maintained statistical significance. Conclusion: Genetic variations in the KLK4 gene may contribute to dental decay.

Gender differences in dental students' professional expectations and attitudes: a qualitative study

Introduction With the significant increase of women in dentistry, the profile of the dental professional has been altered.Aim To investigate the discourses of future dental surgeons, of both genders, from public and private universities of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, to detect whether gender profile differences can influence training and intended future practice.Methods The problem is approached using a qualitative design, with the strategy of collective interviews in focus groups followed by a discourse analysis.Results Women choose dentistry mainly because they like working with people and want to have formal employment in the future. Male discourses show a desire for professional status, worthy business prospects, and the flexibility of being self-employed. The analysis of the university education process revealed that men desire learning that is more technical, besides knowledge on business management, whereas women still complain of current prejudices in the personal relationships that exist with teaching staff and colleagues.Conclusion The teaching process, based on the technique-driven biomedical model, has not reached an ideal standard for the female gender in terms of training, which would be a model based on empathy and good relationships with human beings.

Gestão de saúde coletiva e aperfeiçoamento de práticas sanitárias

Gestao de saude publica e uma atividade que engloba conhecimentos especiais de administracao de infraestrutura, de processos de trabalho e de resultados em saude coletiva. Embora a gestao de saude publica tenha avancado nos ultimos anos, diversos problemas ainda podem ser identificados nesta area de conhecimento, particularmente na gestao da saude coletiva no Sistema Unico de Saude (SUS). Praticas inadequadas naadministracao de recursos (humanos, fisicos e financeiros), e de servicos, somam-se a ausencia de capacitacao especifica para os trabalhadores da saude. Utilizando-se de revisao de literatura especializada em gestao, em suas mais diversas modalidades, este artigo teve o objetivo de discorrer sobre a evolucao da gestao em alguns periodos da Historia. Como resultado fornece informacoes sobre praticas gerenciais alternativas, concluindo que algumas dessas praticas podem ser incorporadas a saude publica. Embora este setor nao almeje lucros financeiros, visa a um maior aproveitamento de recursos, melhor resolutividade dos servicos e principalmente a satisfacao dos usuarios.

Os autores respondem

to the principles of legal pluralism, it safeguards the principles laid out under international hu-man rights legislation and affirms respect for the internal law of peoples whenever human rights (as well as each national state’s legislation) are not violated. Thus, the argumentation relying on this safeguard is only relatively effective. It would be more effective to draw on Brazil’s commitment, assumed by ratifying this Convention, but also more recently by signing the Declaration of the Human Rights of Indigenous Peoples, to not leg-islate for indigenous peoples without their own participation in the decision-making process on norms that will affect their lives.Further considering respect for each people’s own law, I have argued at length that the discus-sion of infanticide does not involve this issue, but another area which I find central for dealing with such extreme dilemmas as infanticide: the state’s responsibility to protect each peoples inter’ nal de-cision-making capacity, and in keeping with this, safeguarding each people’s autonomy to build its own history. Through its own history, woven from the internal debate, and not the preservation of customs from an essentialist perspective of cul-ture, each people will build its own particular dia-logue with the common sphere of human rights. This has been my stance, and I believe that it al-lows us to efficiently transcend the paralyzing di-chotomy between relativism and universalism