Sandra Garcia Gabas

O registro fossilífero de metazoários ediacaranos na América do Sul e suas implicações nos estudos sobre origem e complexificação da vida animal

The Ediacaran Period marks the first appearance of complex macroscopic organisms in the fossil record. Current evidence indicates that Ediacara biota is composed of animals, groups of extinct giant protists, algae and other organisms without proven affinities with modern groups. Fossils of this biota have been documented in at least 40 locations worldwide. In South America, ediacaran metazoan fossils are found in Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina. In most of these locations, are found fossils of the last moment of evolutionary ediacaran biota, capable of performing skeletogenesis, such as Cloudina and Corumbella, related to Nama assemblage. This evolutionary novelty arose probably in response to predation pressures and chemical changes in the oceans. Newly, fossils of soft-bodied organisms were found, typical of other ediacaran assembly (White Sea), in Santa Catarina (Brazil). This occurrence is of great importance since it represents the only discovery about its assemblage in South America. This work aims to compile the occurrences of the Ediacara biota in South America, as well as discussing the importance of inclusion and study these events on the world scene in the scope of one of the most important issues of Paleobiology: the origin and evolution animals on Earth.

Modelo de Thom para o zoneamento bioclimático de Mato Grosso do Sul

The objective of this study was to evaluate the climate conditions of Mato Grosso do Sul, using the index of temperature and humidity (ITU), and present the bioclimatic mapping relating to thermal comfort. The ITU values were estimated from data of temperature and relative humidity for the period 1979 to 2008. Four intervals of ITU were used to classify human performance (ITU 84: extremely hot), and two intervals to classify the Livestock (79≤ ITU 84: emergency). We conclude that the prevailing mood is one of two alternating seasons throughout the year: hot and humid summer and dry winter with warmer temperatures, the results showed a higher risk of thermal discomfort during the period from October to April, compared to the period between May and September. The most critical period occurred between December and March. Although it was observed that with ITU values between 77.9 and 83.9, humans and animals can suffer some degree of heat stress during the hottest hours of the day, negatively affecting both.

Groundwater assessment in the cenozoic and guarani aquifers in São Gabriel do Oeste-MS: information for integrated management

The Cenozoic aquifer in São Gabriel do Oeste-MS occupies approximately 48% of the total area of the municipality. It consists of sandy clay and debris-lateritic Tertiary-Quaternary deposits, overlying the Guarani, Serra Geral and Aquidauna aquifers. The urban area and the main economic activities of the municipality, agriculture and swine, are located on this aquifer. Public and private water supply use exclusively groundwater, mainly from Cenozoic Aquifer, shallow wells, and Guarani Aquifer, deep wells. Economic activities, direct recharge and characteristics of permeability and porosity of this unit indicate the vulnerability of the aquifers in that region.

Microbial contamination of groundwater in a swine fertigation area

The use of swine effluents as a biofertilizer is an alternative to chemical fertilizers and to water demand in dry season. Nevertheless, fertigation studies usually focus on the plant demand and the soil nutrition parameters, mainly physic-chemical ones. This work aimed to evaluate the impacts of fertigation with swine effluents treated in the microbial quality of groundwater from the phreatic aquifer in two lots on Campanário settlement, on the city of São Gabriel do Oeste, MS, Brazil. Microbial analyses were carried out on groundwater samples from four piezometer and two supply wells using the Colilert system to quantify total coliform and Escherichia coli. Samples were collected during twelve months. The results indicate groundwater contamination by bacteria of the coliform group, according to the drinking water Brazilian standards and its spatial distribution from the point sources to a spreading area in accordance with groundwater flow. Therefore, water disinfection is strongly recommended for drinking purposes. Despite having a strong correlation with groundwater microbial contamination, especially in rainy season, fertigation with swine effluents seem not to be the only source of pathogens in the phreatic aquifer. However, high total coliform values in dry season samples could be assigned to the fertigation.

Performance of methods for estimating the time of concentration in a watershed of a tropical region

ABSTRACTThe time of concentration (Tc) is a fundamental parameter in the design of hydrological projects for watersheds. In this study a graphical methodology is described for estimating Tc in a watershed, and this is applied to 17 rainfall–runoff events from a rural watershed located near the capital city of Mato Grosso do Sul State, in the Brazilian Cerrado. The Tc values obtained through the graphical method were compared to Tc values estimated using 20 equations from various references. The equations were selected by considering those that were not developed using data for urban watersheds, and the results of the graphical method were compared to those derived by applying the equations to sub-basin data. The graphical method was reliable in determining Tc, and Ventura’s equation was found to present the best performance for a rural watershed in a tropical climate region.ABSTRACT The time of concentration (Tc) is a fundamental parameter in the design of hydrological projects for watersheds. In this study a graphical methodology is described for estimating Tc in a watershed, and this is applied to 17 rainfall–runoff events from a rural watershed located near the capital city of Mato Grosso do Sul State, in the Brazilian Cerrado. The Tc values obtained through the graphical method were compared to Tc values estimated using 20 equations from various references. The equations were selected by considering those that were not developed using data for urban watersheds, and the results of the graphical method were compared to those derived by applying the equations to sub-basin data. The graphical method was reliable in determining Tc, and Ventura’s equation was found to present the best performance for a rural watershed in a tropical climate region.

Similaridade da Qualidade das Águas Superficiais da Bacia do Rio Negro, MS

To investigate the similarity in spatial and temporal scale of water quality of the micro-basin wetland river Negro, it was employed a cluster analysis and a factor analysis. The single samples of water were collected at six points (georeferenced) in the years 2008-2012. We evaluated the following parameters: dissolved oxygen (OD), hydrogen potential (pH), electrical conductivity (CE), total dissolved solids (SDT), settleable solids (SSd), turbidity (Tz), water temperature and air (T ) metals. The data reduction by principal component analysis yielded three components with eigenvalues, which explain up to 89.9% of total variance, the first component with 31.2%, the second component with 30.3%, the third component with 28.4. The variability of the components and can be used to indicate the hydrodynamic process which controls the water quality without loss of significant features. The hierarchical cluster analysis formed four distinct groups, determining the types and concentrations of salts analyzed.The water quality of the watershed is mainly influenced by two factors: point sources of pollutants and climatic seasonality.

SIMILARITY OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY OF THE RIO NEGRO WATERSHED, MS

To investigate the similarity in spatial and temporal scale of water quality of the Black River wetland micro -basin we used cluster analysis and factor analysis . Simple water samples were collected at 12 points (georeferenced) in 2004 . The following parameters were evaluated: Ca +2 , Mg +2 , Na +1 +K +1 , HCO 3 -1 , Cl -1 , SO 4 -2 , pH, As +3 , Cd +2 , Cr +6 , Cu +2 , Fe 3 +3 , Mn +2 , Mo +6 , Pb +2 , alkalinity , hardness , dry residue , C.E, PO 4 -3 , NO 3 -1 , NO 2 -1 . Data reduction by principal component analysis yielded three components with eigenvalues​​, which explain up to 92.4 % of total variance , with the first component with 48.6 % , the second component with 23.6 % , the third component with 20.2 % . The variability of the components can be used to indicate the hydrodynamic process that controls the quality of water without loss of significant features . The hierarchical cluster analysis formed three distinct groups, determining the types and concentrations of salts analyzed . The water quality of the watershed is mainly influenced by two factors : point sources of pollutants and climatic seasonality .

Qualidade do ar e transtornos respiratórios agudos em crianças - doi:10.5020/18061230.2011.p95

in children. Methods: An ecological study of time series conducted in public health units in the city of Campo Grande-MS, Brazil, from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2007. Daily data of O3 (ozone) were analyzed and, as outcome variables, 16,981 emergency pediatric consultations for respiratory symptoms; including in control model the variables related to time trend; seasonality; minimum, maximum and average temperature; relative humidity; rainfall and respiratory infections. We determined the Pearson correlation coefficient of respiratory diseases in relation to climatic parameters for the years 2004-2007. Results: Only O3 had a positive and statistically significant association, both with all emergency care attendances for respiratory complaints, as with these due to symptoms in lower airways. The daily average concentrations of O3 did not exceed the recommended daily limits. Conclusion: We found associations between air pollution and the number of emergency pediatric consultations for respiratory causes in Campo Grande, although the levels of monitored pollutant ozone remained below recommended levels throughout the study period.

Distribuição espacial da precipitação para o Estado Mato Grosso do Sul

Amaury de Souza I ; Hamilton Germano Pavao I ;Giancarlo Lastoria II ; Sandra Garcia Gabas II ; Antonio Conceicao Paranhos Filho II ; Guilherme Henrique Cavazzana III . I Depto de Fisica, Centro de Ciencias Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, caixa postal 549, CEP 79070-900, Campo Grande-MS, Brasil, amaury@nin.ufms.br; pavao@nin.ufms.br; II Depto de Hidraulica e Transportes, Centro de Ciencias Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, caixa postal 549, CEP 79070-900, Campo Grande-MS Brasil, lastoria@nin.ufms.br; sandragabas@nin.ufms.br; paranhos@nin.ufms.br; III Mestrando do Programa de Pos Graduacao em Tecnologias Ambientais, Centro de Ciencias Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. cavazzana.ea@gmail.com