Sandra Mara Alves da Silva Neves

Análise espacial de indicadores integrados determinantes da mortalidade por diarreia aguda em crianças menores de 1 ano em regiões geográficas

The scope of this study is to perform spatial analysis of integrated environmental and health indicators related to the factors affecting mortality due to diarrhea in children under 1 year of age in Brazilian regions in 2010. Seven environmental indicators, compiled from the IBGE System for Automatic Recovery of the Population Census 2010 database, were formulated. The data with respect to deaths due to diarrhea in children under 1 year of age and live births were obtained from the databases of the Mortality Information Systems and the Live Births Information System of the IT Department of the Unified Health System. The microregions located in the North and Northeast regions revealed 5 and 4 times the rate of mortality in 2009, respectively, due to diarrhea in children under 1 year of age than the Southern Region. Children under 1 year of age living in the microregions located in the North and Northeast are more exposed to risk of death from diarrhea, since the worst figures for the environmental indicators related to poverty and sanitation are concentrated in these locations. In this sense, social, economic, environmental, cultural and health public policies should be based on the principle of equity to address the different local needs of each region.

Análise espaço-temporal da cobertura vegetal e uso da terra na Interbacia do Rio Paraguai Médio-MT, Brasil

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma analise espaco-temporal da cobertura vegetal e do uso da terra na Interbacia do Rio Paraguai Medio-MT, Brasil, pelo geoprocessamento de imagens Landsat TM, dos anos 1991, 2001 e 2011. As imagens foram georreferenciadas, classificadas e processadas no software Spring e as classes tematicas, quantificadas e editadas no software ArcGis. Foram mapeadas sete classes, sendo as mais expressivas a vegetacao nativa, a pastagem e a cana-de-acucar. Os resultados indicaram alteracoes em todas as classes durante os ultimos 20 anos, com a diminuicao de 22,89% da vegetacao nativa, relacionada com o aumento de 58,42% da pastagem e 490,26% de monocultura de cana-de-acucar. Foi verificado o conflito de uso da terra, principalmente em areas de mata ciliar, fato que pode influenciar negativamente na conservacao da interbacia e, consequentemente, do pantanal mato-grossense.

Análise espacial de indicadores integrados de saúde e ambiente para morbimortalidade por diarreia infantil no Brasil, 2010

O objetivo deste estudo e construir indicadores integrados de saude e ambiente para diarreia em criancas menores de um ano no Brasil. Foi utilizado um desenho de estudo ecologico, com a aplicacao do modelo teorico Geo Saude, que inclui as dimensoes: forca motriz, pressao, estado do meio ambiente, exposicao e efeito a saude humana. No Brasil, a probabilidade de criancas menores de um ano serem hospitalizadas ou chegarem a obito por doenca diarreica aguda, nas microrregioes brasileiras, e maior naquelas localizadas nas regioes Norte e Nordeste. Na Regiao Norte, as internacoes e obitos sao mais de cinco vezes maiores que as das regioes Sudeste e Sul, respectivamente. A taxa de internacao por diarreia infantil mostrou-se associada com o percentual da populacao sem coleta de lixo; a taxa de mortalidade com a razao de dependencia e percentual de moradores sem coleta de lixo. Conclui-se que o saneamento basico persiste como problema socioambiental nas regioes Norte e Nordeste, e a reducao da diarreia infantil depende de politicas publicas nesse setor.The objective of this study was to construct integrated health and environmental indicators for diarrhea in infants (< 1 year of age) in Brazil. The authors used an ecological design, applying the Geo Health model, including the following dimensions: driving force, pressure, state of the environment, and exposure to human health effects. The likelihood of infant hospitalization or death from acute diarrheal disease is highest in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. In the North, hospitalizations and deaths are five times more common than in the Southeast and South. The hospitalization rate for infant diarrhea was associated with the percentage of the population without garbage collection and the mortality rate with the dependency ratio and percentage of residents without garbage collection. The article concludes that sanitation is a persistent environmental problem in North and Northeast Brazil and that a reduction in infant diarrhea requires effective public policies in this area.

A organização das mulheres extrativistas na região Sudoeste mato-grossense, Brasil

Culturally the southwestern region of Mato Grosso is diverse, which can be attributed to the existence of migrant populations and traditional communities. The aim of this case study is to discuss the organization of rural women in southwestern Mato Grosso, who get their salary and help to increase family income through sustainable harvesting of native fruits of the cerrado (the savannah). The money obtained by women is expressive and has contributed significantly to the survival of the family group, as well as for the recognition of their work force and citizenship. However, public policies need to be adjusted in order to enhance the work of women in the production and reproduction of the rural family and its social contribution to regional development.

Mortality due to diseases of the circulatory system among the elderly population in Brazilian Amazon: temporal and spatial analysis

INTRODUCTION Circulatory Diseases (CD) are the major cause of death among the elderly population in Brazilian Amazon. OBJECTIVE to analyze standardized mortality rates of diseases of the circulatory system (DCS), according to the main causes of death among the elderly, in microregions of the Brazilian Amazon, in the period of 1998 - 2007. METHODS ecological study of mortality rates distribution standardized by CD and corrected by deaths from poorly defined causes among the elderly (> 65 years of age) who lived in Brazilian Amazon in the period of 1998 - 2007. The analysis were carried out by the linear regression, trend, and spatial distribution of Kernel. RESULTS We verified an increasing trend in mortality by CD (β1 = 28.34 p = 0.01), due to the increasing trend in the States of Maranhão and Tocantins. The central region of Mato Grosso, Northern Tocantins, Eastern Pará and Southwestern Maranhão present hot spots with the highest mortality rates. Males present higher rates when compared to females all over the region; rates of mortality due to acute myocardial infarction and hypertensive disease present the same spatial standard of the CD group and the rates of cerebrovascular diseases present a different spatial distribution standard. Increment in mortality rates according to age was observed: the greater the age, the higher is mortality by CD. CONCLUSION The Brazilian Amazon presents an increasing trend with high rates of mortality by the circulatory diseases, and the geographic areas with the highest rates are around the Brazilian Amazon, in the states of Tocantins, Maranhão and Mato Grosso.

ESTIMATIVA DA PERDA DE SOLO POR EROSÃO HÍDRICA NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO JAURU/MT

A crescente ocupacao do sudoeste de Mato Grosso tem provocado o desmatamento de grande parte da vegetacao natural para a exploracao agropecuaria, sem o adequado uso e manejo do solo, originando areas de alta fragilidade ambiental e suscetibilidade a erosao hidrica. Para estimar a perda de solo na Bacia Hidrografica do rio Jauru foi utilizada da Equacao Universal de Perdas de Solo operacionalizada por meio de Geotecnologias. No periodo de 1994 a 2003, a perda media de solo foi de 3,26 t ha-1 ano-1, correspondendo a uma perda nula ou moderada e a erosividade media foi de 683,93 Mj mm ha-1 h-1 ano-1. 81,75% da superficie da Bacia Hidrografica do rio Jauru e recoberta por solos de elevada erodibilidade (Neossolos Quartzarenicos, Neossolos Litolicos, Argissolos Vermelhos e Argissolos Vermelho-Amarelo). O fator topografico (LS) medio da bacia foi de 2,05. A analise da ocorrencia das principais classes de cobertura e uso do solo evidenciou que 28,32% do solo da bacia foram utilizados para uso agropecuario, com predominio de pastagens. As estimativas geradas pela Equacao Universal de Perdas de Solo devem ser consideradas como comparativas da distribuicao da erosao hidrica em uma bacia e visam auxiliar na tomada de decisao sobre o uso e manejo do solo mais adequado.

Análise da fragilidade ambiental na bacia do rio Queima-Pé, Tangará da Serra, MT

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a fragilidade ambiental da bacia hidrografica do Rio Queima-Pe, localizada no municipio de Tangara da Serra, estado de Mato Grosso (Centro-oeste, Brasil), para subsidiar acoes de planejamento ambiental. Para a caracterizacao da area de estudo foram utilizadas cartas tematicas de geomorfologia, pedologia, pluviosidade, uso da terra e cobertura vegetal. A metodologia adotada foi operacionalizada com o software ArcGis da Esri. A bacia do Rio Queima-Pe apresenta 11% da area com fragilidade ambiental alta, em decorrencia do uso da terra que oferece baixa protecao ao solo. Conclui-se que a utilizacao da terra com pastagens e cana de acucar em solo argissolo merece atencao especial, pois estes apresentam alto teor de areia em sua composicao, favorecendo a ocorrencia de processos erosivos.

Desenvolvimento Humano dos Municípios de Mato Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul Contidos no Bioma Pantanal

Aimed to evaluate, through the Human Development Index (IDHM) in the municipalities of the Pantanal biome, the human development of the foundation/emancipation municipal, establishing comparisons to the IDHM of the Pantanal municipalities with the Brazilian IDH and the states of Mato Grosso (MT) and Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). The municipalities of MT and MS were selected from the biome, grouped by date of foundation/emancipation in periods of 50 years. The municipalities founded in the 18th century showed the best results in the IDHM (m) and indicators of income (m) and education (m). The emancipated ones in 1913 to 1963 stood out in longevity (m). The emancipated between 1811 and 1861 had the lowest values for the IDHM (m), income (m), education (m) and longevity (m). The municipalities of MT and MS contained in the biome showed inferior results when compared to the states and to Brazil. The emancipation that does not observe socio-structural sustainability can result in the creation of municipalities without the basic characteristics of maintenance and support to human development, like Barão de Melgaço and Bodoquena. It was concluded that the human development of the foundation/ emancipation of the municipalities were not directly associated with the periods of its creation, that is, the oldest, in general, did not stand out to the younger ones, and vice versa. In addition, issues such as the profile of public management and administration, public policies, geographic location, natural wealth, infrastructure, etc. can contribute significantly to the results of the IDHM both positively and negatively.

Cultivo de espécies hortícolas para a segurança alimentar e nutricional de famílias assentadas em Terenos (MS), Brasil

This research had purpose to investigate the cultivation and consumption of horticultural species and its importance in food security and nutrition from the families of Jacob Fransiosi Community of Emerson Rodrigues settlement in the town of Terenos/Mato Grosso do Sul state. The exploratory research was quantitative and qualitative, using the action research methodology, observation and interviews. The settlement consists of three communities, totalyzing 136 families. It was established in 2005 and it is far about 40 km from the state capital. The resarch was done with 14 families, embrasing 35% of the families from the Community. It was noticed an average of 3.8 people per household and that was not different from rural national average, but it was higher than the rural Midwest average. The standard to establish the food security and nutrition allowed to evaluate 50% the families that could be considerate in food security, while 50% fitted in food insecurity, of which 35,8% in severe food insecurity, 7.1% moderate and 7.1% in light food insecurity. There was significant consumption of vegetables between the families that had access to horticultural, with possibility to increase it through the consumption of fruits and vegetables produced in their yards. It was concluded the need to propose public policies that encourage and subsidize the production for self-consumption of families settled, expecting to minimize the problems related to food insecurity of these subjects.

Study of the Floodflow Dynamics in the Pantanal of Cáceres/MT.

The Brazilian Constitution lists some biomes and ecosystems considered as national patrimony, among which the Pantanal Matogrossense is inserted, legally establishing conditions that ensure the preservation of the environment, including the use of its natural resources (Article 225, § 4). In this context, the research proposes to analyze the dynamics of the floodflow in the Pantanal of Cáceres/MT and aims to contribute a methodology to obtain results that can support the planning, management, and monitoring of natural resources, as well as providing important information for agriculture, geology, hydrology, and ecological models. In this research, images from the MODIS sensor from the year 2015, with a resolution of 250 m, were used for the application of the methodology. The software ArcGis and Matlab were used for the image processing. The normalized difference water index obtained through 500 m resolution MODIS images was used as a priori analysis of the regions with water and without water, after a threshold was defined for all of the images and the processing was done to obtain the matrix with days with water and without water in the studied area. The results obtained provide a classification for the floodflow, the quality parameters derived using study area show that the proposed method performed better with classes < 30 (96%) and 180 270 (90%) of 4% and 10% of false positives, respectively.