Sandra Vieira de Moura

Effect of Bacillus cereus var. Toyoi and Saccharomyces boulardii on the immune response of sheep to vaccines

Abstract In this study we evaluated the effects of Bacillus cereus var. Toyoi and Saccharomyces boulardii on the immune response of lambs to Escherichia coli K88ab and Bovine Herpes Virus type 5 (BoHV-5) vaccines. Thirty, 3-month-old lambs were randomly grouped in three lots of 10 each and vaccinated at days 0 and 30 of the experiment. They grazed on the same pasture and were fed ad libitum twice a day with commercial sheep feed supplemented with either B. cereus var. Toyoi at a concentration of 1×106 viable spores gr−1, S. boulardii at a concentration of 1×106 CFU gr−1, or non-supplemented feed. Blood samples were collected at weekly intervals over eight weeks and antibody titres were analysed by ELISA. The mean seroconversions against E. coli and BoHV-5 of the fed probiotics groups were higher (p<0.001) than the controls. Both probiotics enhanced the humoral immune response of lambs to the vaccines.

Impacto da salmonelose na suinocultura e suas implicações em saúde pública

The objective of this study was to show the presence of Salmonella in the swine production chain, and its impact on public health. Bacteria of the Salmonella genus are an important cause of food transmitted diseases in Brazil. Around 10% of clinical salmonellosis cases are attributed to swine products. Humans can become infected through direct contact with the animals, both living and in slaughter houses; however, the most common cause of infection is the ingestion of contaminated food. Infection of swine herds can occur in any of the rearing stages, mainly through a fecal-oral cycle, where the bacteria will shelter in the lymph nodes and be excreted when the host is submitted to a stress factor, such as transport and/or regrouping. Equipment and utensils are also associated with cross contamination among animals, acting as vehicles in the propagation of the microorganism inside the industry or rearing facility. Furthermore, inadequate use of antimicrobial agents will contribute to the rise of resistant bacteria. This study shows that, in order to safeguard consumer health, awareness must begin in the rearing facilities, with special care to hygiene, biosafety, and the proper use of antibiotics. Further care must be considered during transportation, and especially rigorous measures should be set during slaughter.

FREQUÊNCIA DA RAIVA EM BOVINOS COM SINTOMATOLOGIA NEUROLÓGICA E PRESENÇA DE MORCEGOS Desmodus rotundus NA REGIÃO DE PELOTAS, RIO GRANDE DO SUL

A raiva e uma doenca aguda, progressiva e fatal, responsavel pela morte de milhares de humanos e animais. A enfermidade e causada por um virus RNA neurotropico pertencente a familia Rhabdoviridae , genero Lyssavirus e e transmitida pela mordida de animais infectados. Na America Latina, estima-se que a doenca seja responsavel pela morte de milhares de animais, causando grandes perdas economicas. Para a realizacao deste trabalho foi feito um estudo retrospectivo dos dados obtidos pelos Medicos Veterinarios da Inspetoria Veterinaria e Zootecnica de Pelotas, no periodo de janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2012. Neste periodo, 37 amostras de sistema nervoso central (SNC) de bovinos foram analisadas atraves da tecnica da imunofluorescencia direta seguida da prova biologica, sendo 72,97% positivas para o virus da raiva. Tambem foram investigadas 41 propriedades da regiao, independente da presenca de casos da doenca, quanto a presenca de abrigos capazes de albergar o morcego hematofago, sendo que todas possuiam esse tipo de estrutura. Com base nas informacoes encontradas, sugere-se que a presenca do virus, assim como a presenca do morcego e a existencia de abrigos capazes de albergar a especie, favorecem o estabelecimento da enfermidade na regiao.