Sandro dos Santos Ferreira

The Use of Session RPE to Monitor the Intensity of Weight Training in Older Women: Acute Responses to Eccentric, Concentric, and Dynamic Exercises

The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is ability to detect and interpret organic sensations while performing exercises. This method has been used to measure the level of effort that is felt during weight-training at a given intensity. The purpose of this investigation was to compare session RPE values with those of traditional RPE measurements for different weight-training muscle actions, performed together or separately. Fourteen women with no former weight-training experience were recruited for the investigation. All participants completed five sessions of exercise: familiarization, maximum force, concentric-only (CONC-only), eccentric-only (ECC-only), and dynamic (DYN = CONC + ECC). The traditional RPE method was measured after each series of exercises, and the session RPE was measured 30 min after the end of the training session. The statistical analyses used were the paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and repeated measures analysis of variance. Significant differences between traditional RPE and session RPE for DYN, CONC, and ECC exercises were not found. This investigation demonstrated that session RPE is similar to traditional RPE in terms of weight-training involving concentric, eccentric, or dynamic muscle exercises, and that it can be used to prescribe and monitor weight-training sessions in older subjects.

Effects of musical tempo on physiological, affective, and perceptual variables and performance of self-selected walking pace.

[Purpose] This study investigated the effects of musical tempo on physiological, affective, and perceptual responses as well as the performance of self-selected walking pace. [Subjects] The study included 28 adult women between 29 and 51 years old. [Methods] The subjects were divided into three groups: no musical stimulation group (control), and 90 and 140 beats per minute musical tempo groups. Each subject underwent three experimental sessions: involved familiarization with the equipment, an incremental test to exhaustion, and a 30-min walk on a treadmill at a self-selected pace, respectively. During the self-selected walking session, physiological, perceptual, and affective variables were evaluated, and walking performance was evaluated at the end. [Results] There were no significant differences in physiological variables or affective response among groups. However, there were significant differences in perceptual response and walking performance among groups. [Conclusion] Fast music (140 beats per minute) promotes a higher rating of perceived exertion and greater performance in self-selected walking pace without significantly altering physiological variables or affective response.

Effect of a 12-week aerobic training program on perceptual and affective responses in obese women.

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to observe the effect of self-selected intensity or imposed intensity during aerobic training on perceptual and affective responses in obese women. [Subjects] The study included 26 obese women aged 30–60 years. [Methods] The subjects were randomly divided into two groups, with 13 subjects in each group: self-selected intensity and imposed intensity (10% above ventilatory threshold) groups. All subjects completed an intervention program that lasted 12 weeks, with three exercise sessions a week. The rating of perceived exertion and affective responses (Feeling Scale and Felt Arousal Scale) were monitored in the first, sixth, and twelfth weeks. [Results] Significant differences were observed between groups in heart rate and rating of perceived exertion. The affective responses during exercise were more negative in the imposed intensity group. [Conclusion] Use of a self-selected exercise intensity can promote smaller negative affective responses during exercise and provide a sufficient stimulus for improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness.

Physiological, Perceptual, and Affective Responses to Six High-Intensity Interval Training Protocols:

This study examined the extent to which different high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) protocols could influence psychophysiological responses in moderately active young men. Fourteen participants completed, in a randomized order, three cycling protocols (SIT: 4 × 30-second all-out sprints; Tabata: 7 × 20 seconds at 170% ⋮O2max; and HIIT: 10 × 60 seconds at 90% HRmax) and three running HIIT protocols (4 × 4 minutes at 90%–95% HRmax, 5 × at v⋮O2max, and 4 × 1,000 meters at a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of 8, from the OMNI-Walk/Run scale). Oxygen uptake (⋮O2), heart rate, and RPE were recorded during each interval. Affective responses were assessed before and after each trial. The Tabata protocol elicited the highest ⋮O2 and RPE responses, and the least pleasant session-affect among the cycling trials. The v⋮O2max elicited the highest ⋮O2 and RPE responses and the lowest mean session-affect among the running trials. Findings highlight the limited application of SIT and some HIIT protocols to individuals with low fitness levels.

Are rate of perceived exertion and feelings of pleasure/displeasure modified in elderly women undergoing 8 week of strength training of prescribe intensity?

[Purpose] The aim of the present study was to verify the rate of perceived exertion and feelings of pleasure/displeasure in elderly women, who did normally perform physical exercises, following eight weeks of strength training in a constant routine. [Subjects and Methods] Eleven sedentary women were subjected to anthropometric assessment. The maximum load (100%) for each used in this study was determined by performing a test to determined the 1RM for each of them according to the protocol of Fatouros et al. and the Feeling Scale and RPE scale were explained to the women. After these initial procedures, the subjects followed a routine for strength training, performing three sets of repetitions at 70% of the one-repetition maximum for each exercise (bench press, leg extension, pulldown, leg curl) without modifying the exercises and their execution order. The frequency of training was three days per week. ANOVA was used to analyze the behavior of the dependent variable, and the post hoc tests were used to identify significant differences. [Results] Strength increased only in the fifth week. The rate of perceived exertion showed a reduction only in the fifth week in the leg extension, pulldown, leg curl. [Conclusion] The percentage of 70% the one-repetition maximum recommended to increase the strength gains and hypertrophy of skeletal muscle does not provide feelings of displeasure when performing proposed exercise. However, it may be possible to modulate this percentage to obtain more pleasant feelings over two months.

Weight exercise on affective and perceptual responses

INTRODUCAO: Sensacoes de prazer/desprazer sao moduladas de acordo com as intensidades prescritas para o exercicio, demonstrando uma relacao simples, onde quanto mais intenso o estimulo, maior o esforco percebido. OBJETIVO: Verificar as diferencas entre as respostas perceptuais e afetivas agudas em diferentes intensidades de exercicios com pesos em mulheres idosas. METODOS: Quatorze mulheres com idade entre 65 e 75 anos, previamente sedentarias, com sobrepeso, foram submetidas a tres diferentes intensidades de treinamento com pesos: 35% e 70% de 1RM, e autosselecionada. Foram avaliados o afeto e a percepcao subjetiva do esforco (PSE). Apos 30 minutos do termino da sessao, foi avaliada a percepcao subjetiva do esforco da sessao (PSE-S). Foi utilizado o teste de variância One-way ANOVA de um fator de medidas repetidas para as variaveis dependentes PSE-S, PSE e afeto, seguido de post hock de Tukey. RESULTADOS: A PSE-S demonstrou diferenca significativa da testagem (F (7,99) =15,358; p=0,001) entre as intensidades, assim como para PSE entre cada exercicio. A PSE-S, para 35% de 1RM, foi menor, quando comparada a PSE-S para 70% de 1RM, e a intensidade autosselecionada. A intensidade de 70% de 1RM, quando comparada com a intensidade autosselecionada, nao apresentou diferenca significativa. Em relacao a PSE nos exercicios, foi observado um esforco significativamente maior (p < 0,001) para 70% de 1RM, quando comparados com a autosselecao da carga. O afeto revelou diferenca significativa na intensidade de 35% de 1RM, mostrando uma resposta mais prazerosa, quando comparado a carga de 70% de 1RM, e a autosselecao da carga. CONCLUSAO: Os resultados demonstraram que baixas intensidades sao percebidas como menor esforco e este fato contribuiu para a producao de respostas afetivas mais prazerosas. Alem disso, fatores interindividuais sao capazes de modular estas respostas, possibilitando a diminuicao da percepcao do esforco em intensidades mais vigorosas.

Ejercicios con peso sobre las respuestas afectivas y perceptuales

INTRODUCAO: Sensacoes de prazer/desprazer sao moduladas de acordo com as intensidades prescritas para o exercicio, demonstrando uma relacao simples, onde quanto mais intenso o estimulo, maior o esforco percebido. OBJETIVO: Verificar as diferencas entre as respostas perceptuais e afetivas agudas em diferentes intensidades de exercicios com pesos em mulheres idosas. METODOS: Quatorze mulheres com idade entre 65 e 75 anos, previamente sedentarias, com sobrepeso, foram submetidas a tres diferentes intensidades de treinamento com pesos: 35% e 70% de 1RM, e autosselecionada. Foram avaliados o afeto e a percepcao subjetiva do esforco (PSE). Apos 30 minutos do termino da sessao, foi avaliada a percepcao subjetiva do esforco da sessao (PSE-S). Foi utilizado o teste de variância One-way ANOVA de um fator de medidas repetidas para as variaveis dependentes PSE-S, PSE e afeto, seguido de post hock de Tukey. RESULTADOS: A PSE-S demonstrou diferenca significativa da testagem (F (7,99) =15,358; p=0,001) entre as intensidades, assim como para PSE entre cada exercicio. A PSE-S, para 35% de 1RM, foi menor, quando comparada a PSE-S para 70% de 1RM, e a intensidade autosselecionada. A intensidade de 70% de 1RM, quando comparada com a intensidade autosselecionada, nao apresentou diferenca significativa. Em relacao a PSE nos exercicios, foi observado um esforco significativamente maior (p < 0,001) para 70% de 1RM, quando comparados com a autosselecao da carga. O afeto revelou diferenca significativa na intensidade de 35% de 1RM, mostrando uma resposta mais prazerosa, quando comparado a carga de 70% de 1RM, e a autosselecao da carga. CONCLUSAO: Os resultados demonstraram que baixas intensidades sao percebidas como menor esforco e este fato contribuiu para a producao de respostas afetivas mais prazerosas. Alem disso, fatores interindividuais sao capazes de modular estas respostas, possibilitando a diminuicao da percepcao do esforco em intensidades mais vigorosas.

EXERCÍCIOS COM PESOS SOBRE AS RESPOSTAS AFETIVAS E PERCEPTUAIS

INTRODUCAO: Sensacoes de prazer/desprazer sao moduladas de acordo com as intensidades prescritas para o exercicio, demonstrando uma relacao simples, onde quanto mais intenso o estimulo, maior o esforco percebido. OBJETIVO: Verificar as diferencas entre as respostas perceptuais e afetivas agudas em diferentes intensidades de exercicios com pesos em mulheres idosas. METODOS: Quatorze mulheres com idade entre 65 e 75 anos, previamente sedentarias, com sobrepeso, foram submetidas a tres diferentes intensidades de treinamento com pesos: 35% e 70% de 1RM, e autosselecionada. Foram avaliados o afeto e a percepcao subjetiva do esforco (PSE). Apos 30 minutos do termino da sessao, foi avaliada a percepcao subjetiva do esforco da sessao (PSE-S). Foi utilizado o teste de variância One-way ANOVA de um fator de medidas repetidas para as variaveis dependentes PSE-S, PSE e afeto, seguido de post hock de Tukey. RESULTADOS: A PSE-S demonstrou diferenca significativa da testagem (F (7,99) =15,358; p=0,001) entre as intensidades, assim como para PSE entre cada exercicio. A PSE-S, para 35% de 1RM, foi menor, quando comparada a PSE-S para 70% de 1RM, e a intensidade autosselecionada. A intensidade de 70% de 1RM, quando comparada com a intensidade autosselecionada, nao apresentou diferenca significativa. Em relacao a PSE nos exercicios, foi observado um esforco significativamente maior (p < 0,001) para 70% de 1RM, quando comparados com a autosselecao da carga. O afeto revelou diferenca significativa na intensidade de 35% de 1RM, mostrando uma resposta mais prazerosa, quando comparado a carga de 70% de 1RM, e a autosselecao da carga. CONCLUSAO: Os resultados demonstraram que baixas intensidades sao percebidas como menor esforco e este fato contribuiu para a producao de respostas afetivas mais prazerosas. Alem disso, fatores interindividuais sao capazes de modular estas respostas, possibilitando a diminuicao da percepcao do esforco em intensidades mais vigorosas.