Sanja Steiner

Competition and Cooperation on European SouthEast Air Transport Market

Regional Air Transport Market of Southeast Europe is becoming affected by all modes of increasing competition. This Paper will consider the different levels of achievements in traffic results of air carriers and airports of the Southeast Europe including macroeconomic analyses of 11 countries belonging to this the region. They represent more than 30 carriers and almost 40 airports. The year 2007 and 2008 saw high increase of the passenger and cargo carried within the region. More than 30 million passengers were carried and almost 84,000 tones of freight and mail. On 19 primary airports of the Southeast Europe it was carried more than 29 million passengers which is increase of 33 percent compared with the year 2006. Under above-mentioned increase, it is important to emphasize that the growth of airport handled passenger on new born EU countries Bulgaria and Romania was extremely high. Paper will also analyze categorization of the airports according to EU documents and directives. The future development under the new economic circumstances means also adjustments of business models that have been implemented. It also means necessity to cooperate and find out efficient mode of integration which will follow air traffic and legal framework of the EU. Positive example can be implementation of PSO (Public Service Obligation) for air carriers of the Southeast Europe network. Another challenge is capability to provide and realize privatization process for some of the most successful air carriers. The paper will also consider the air traffic forecasts of the Southeast Europe region, which will follow expected implementation of improved model and benefits for the population and economy of 11 countries.

Factors of Airline Marketing

The paper addresses several marketing related notions associated with airline strategic planning and positioning. Beside the examining the distinctions between network operator and niche player, this paper treats the state of Croatia Airlines within reported AEA benchmarking valuing of the specific elements of airline business. It also notes certain aspects of the air market that influent pricing and demand elastics, such as the impact of low cost carriers and the practice of network hubbing.

Fatique and Corrosion Issues for Safety Improvements in Aviation Industry

Analyzing structure elements in a design estimated lifetime, structure integrity and capability to withstand all loadings is highly reduced by the end of designed estimated lifetime. Durability and reliability of vehicle structures is a function of fatigue and corrosion issues, which respectively affects crashworthiness requirements and safety. In aviation industry, from the point of a structure design, three structure design generations could be differentiated: a) the generation where major structure design is based on static strength and build-in redundancy i.e. some fail-safe elements ; b) the generation introducing fail-tolerant structure design philosophy ; and c) the generation additionally introducing full scale fatigue testing to determine wide-spread fatigue damage and corrosion prevention and control program. Implementation of aircraft structure design and maintenance philosophy i.e. in aviation recommended and standardized programs such as Supplement Structure Inspection Program, Corrosion Prevention and Control Program, Wide-Spread Fatigue damage evaluation and Repair Assessment Evaluation, may result with significant contribution to safety level in automotive industry.

The Concept of Environmentally Friendly Individual Mobility in the Future

The European cities are faced today by the phenomenon ofexpanding everyday activities, affecting directly the traffic development.Physical expansion, the growing number of cars androad networks explain the increase in car utilisation in all typesof travelling in the range of 75 to 90%.Due to the adverse effects on the environment caused bysuch growing motorisation, the efforts are made in order to establishenvironmentally friendlier traffic. The paper considersthe concept of environmentally friendly individual trafficthrough MCC (Micro Compact Car) and MCC- mobility .systemwhich will provide its linking with other traffic participants,which may have a long-term positive influence on the quality ofurban life.

Influence of Wake-Vortex Turbulence on the Flight Safety

With the growing air traffic intensity, at some ai1ports weare more often faced with the fact that aircraft land or take offone after another. Since evety aircraft leaves a turbulent vortexbehind, which acts unexpectedly and is destabilising for theaircraft flying into it, the flight safety in such repeated landingsand takeoffs becomes questionable. Determining the minimumsafety time interval between the repeated operations becomesimperative and a limiting factor for some airports withhigh air traffic intensity. Unlike militaty flying, where crew istrained to fly in a group, in civil air traffic the crew is nottrained for such flying and on top of it mostly operate on largeaircraft, which produce very strong turbulent vortex. Additionalsophisticated equipment in new modem aircraft improvesnavigation, communication and steering of the aircraft, butdoes not insure it from flying into an invisible turbulent vortex.This paper discusses the vortex generation, its nature and fa ctorsthat influence its intensity and duration. The paper alsodeals with a model of calculating the probability of flying intoa turbulent vortex regarding time intetval of repeated opera tions,and influence of sophisticated equipment installed, onthe stability and flight safety of an aircraft. Conclusion underlinesthe need to standardise the minimum safety time intervalseparation between the repeated operations, with the aim ofimproving flight safety.

Considerations Regarding Development of Alternative Propulsion in Aviation

Ecological indications and the depletion of fossil fuel resourcesare the main reasons for current studies of alternativepropulsion in aviation i.e. for searching for new regenerativeenergy sources. The technical and technological presumptionsfor the transfer from the conventional to alternative fuel aremore radical than the transition from piston to jet propulsion.The main problems include the production of liquefied hydrogen,the necessary aircraft structure modifications, and the requiredinfrastntcture supporl.

Primjena vektoriranog potiska s osvrtom na superupravljivost istraživackog zrakoplova X-31A

Vectored propulsion is a new concept of aircraft attitudecontrol by engines jet-deflection. Thrust vectoring researchhas become actualized during the last ten years, mainly formilitary application.The carried out experimental projects confirm the effectivenessof the thrust-vectoring systems in both conventionalaircraft attitude control and post-stall maneuverability enhancement.Apart from military aviation, the results of thrust-vectoringresearch are applicable in civil aviation, especially in STOLand VTOL aircraft design.

Ekološki kriteriji eksploatacije zrakoplova

Respecting the requirements for preservation and protectionof the environment, the present day is marked by implementation of legislative regulations in order to reduce the adverseeffects of transport vehicles.The increasingly strict eco-regulations in air traffic areaimed at reducing the aircraft engine emissions and gradualelimination of noise producing aircraft.Apart from the USA, operational restrictions have been announcedalso by other ICAO members, such as the ECACcountries, Australia, Japan and New Zealand.In spite of a good geo-traffic position and the tendency ofintegration into the European and world traffic routes, Croatiahas found itself, due to the process of gaining independence,defending its vital national interests and organization of civilaircraft authorities, lagging behind with the implementation ofthe present international regulations regarding environmentalprotection criteria in aircraft operations.

Sigurnosni aspekt funkcioniranja u uvjetima deregulacije zračnog prometa

The paper deals with the meaning and function of the forthcoming deregulation and security aspected problems in this respect, providing respective statistical data for the past two decades on accidents and casualties. The author furnishes the projections on operation in conditions of deregulation, and lists some innovations in the field of security and precaution measures. The author pleads for the following of technical minimums of equipment (means) and procedures of control at airports as recommended by the international Air Transport Association.