Santos Orejudo Hernández

Kenny Music Performance Anxiety Inventory: Confirmatory factor analysis of the Spanish version

This article presents the process of adjusting into Spanish Kenny’s Music Performance Anxiety Inventory (Kenny, Davis, & Oates, 2004). This questionnaire is based on Barlow’s theory of performance anxiety and evaluates levels of anxiety whilst on stage. After doing two translations into Spanish, a peer review, and pilot study, the questionnaire was answered by 490 musicians training in six Spanish music conservatories. Results showed that the adapted version of the instrument, with some minor modifications, has good psychometric properties, also validated through a confirmatory factor analysis procedure. Thereof, and in accordance with to Barlow’s theoretical framework, we saw emerge three related factors that made reference to specific cognitions of performance anxiety, such as helplessness as a factor of psychological vulnerability and early family influences. Performance anxiety is related to a psychological vulnerability profile and early relationship context. Finally, it is important to count with reliable instruments that allow contrasting theories in different cultural background, comparing the effects of problems or treatment outcomes.

Consumo de drogas y adherencia a la terapia antirretroviral de pacientes en programa de mantenimiento con metadona

En la actualidad la TARGA (Terapia Antirretroviral de Gran Actividad) constituye el estandar de tratamiento frente a la infeccion por el VIH, siendo la adherencia o el cumplimiento con la misma uno de los criterios de exito en la reduccion de la carga viral. Los problemas de falta de adhesion al tratamiento estan presentes en gran medida en el grupo de pacientes con antecedentes de consumo de drogas, por lo que conocer los factores asociados a la misma puede ser gran utilidad para mejorar las intervenciones en este campo. En este trabajo analizamos la relacion existente entre la adhesion al tratamiento antirretroviral y el consumo de drogas en una muestra de 100 sujetos VIH+ incluidos en un programa de mantenimiento con metadona en Madrid. Se han clasificado a los sujetos en adherentes y no adherentes segun intervalos temporales teniendo en cuenta el momento de toma de medicacion referido (dia, semana y mes anterior) y el grado de cumplimiento (alta y baja exigencia), analizandose a continuacion las diferencias que presentaban en consumo. Los resultados indican que nuestra muestra presentan niveles de adherencia similares a otras poblaciones con enfermedades cronicas, y que el hecho de consumir drogas tiene una relacion estadisticamente significativa con el no cumplimiento de la TARGA. Cuando se usan los indicadores de consumo para clasificar a los sujetos en adherentes y no adherentes, encontramos que el policonsumo de heroina, cocaina y benzodiacepinas aparece como principal predictor de no adhesion a la terapia antirretroviral.

Illness Behavior: Prediction by Symptoms, the Grossarth-Maticek and Eysenck Personality Types, Neuroticism, Life Events, Coping, Health Locus of Control, Social Support, and Attribution Style

A study was carried out with 501 persons to analyze the predictive capacity of various psychosocial variables-symptom perception, neuroticism, Personality Types 2 and 4 of Grossarth-Maticek and Eysenck, beliefs about health, social support, or certain coping styles-on two health-related behaviors: the frequency of visits to the doctor and self-medication. The results were analyzed by two structural equation models that revealed that some of the variables have direct effects on the behaviors, whereas other variables, such as attribution style, coping styles, or the impact of the stressors, have indirect effects via the reported symptoms or neuroticism. In addition, self-medication and the frequency of health service visits are independent of each other, which shows that their determinants are different. It is concluded that to address these factors in the two health indicators, it is also necessary to take in account the psychosocial variables considered herein.

Ansiedad escénica y constructos psicológicos relacionados. Estudiantes de cinco conservatorios superiores de música españoles

Music Performance Anxiety (MPA) in musicians is one of the biggest problems they face almost daily in their professional work. This study aims to determine whether there is a difference in MPA among Music majors students in Spain and if there is a variation depending on the study center to which they belong. This research, which can be considered as the first in Spain with these characteristics, analyses the differences in both MPA and its relationship with other psychological constructs (optimism, self-efficacy, achievement motivation and sensitivity to reward and punishment). The sample consists of 482 students from five centers, obtained from a sample availability criteria. For the evaluation of the different psychological constructs has been used a questionnaire ad hoc specially designed for measuring anxiety and the other constructs mentioned above. After the quantitative treatment of the data, it is found that MPA is present in these Spanish music students. In addition to the MPA, statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in the different constructs were found.

Estudios de música en los conservatorios superiores y ansiedad escénica en España

Music Performance Anxiety (MPA) in musicians who are undergoing training is one of the most relevant aspects in the daily music practice and performance process. Regarding the study of this problem in the Spanish context, there is a lack of research coming from the scientific community. In this study with a sample of 479 tertiary students of High Degree in music we found that about the 39% reported anxiety levels over the theoretical mean of the questionnaire designed for the specific purpose of assessing the MPA. We think this result makes necessary a pedagogical reflection about the curriculum towards the reduction of the anxiety levels.

Music performance anxiety. Substance use and career abandonment in Spanish music students

This paper assesses the prevalence of substance use in Spanish music students as a strategy for coping with Musical Performance Anxiety (MPA). We also assess the relation between substance use and thoughts of abandoning one’s musical career in connection with the degree of self-reported MPA. We carried out this survey on a sample of 463 students studying different music specialties and enrolled in five superior music academies in Spain (mean age: 22.71 years). Among other questionnaires, all participants completed the Spanish version of the Kenny Music Performance Anxiety Inventory and responded to a series of additional questions associated with MPA, substance use and thoughts of abandoning their musical career. Of those surveyed 33.9% indicated that at one point or another they had used substances in order to cope with MPA, and 19.0% had considered abandoning their musical studies. Those students who indicated that they had used substances to cope with MPA tended to have had more frequent thoughts of abandoning their musical career and suffered from a higher level of MPA than those who did not. A high percentage of music students who are attempting to cope with MPA also tend to adopt poorly adaptive strategies. These, in turn, lead to even greater levels of anxiety.