Sapto Yuliani

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) extract may prevent the deterioration of spatial memory and the deficit of estimated total number of hippocampal pyramidal cells of trimethyltin-exposed rats

Abstract Context: Protection of neurons from degeneration is an important preventive strategy for dementia. Much of the dementia pathology implicates oxidative stress pathways. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) contains curcuminoids which has anti-oxidative and neuro-protective effects. These effects are considered to be similar to those of citicoline which has been regularly used as one of standard medications for dementia. Objective: This study aimed at investigating the effects of turmeric rhizome extract on the hippocampus of trimethyltin (TMT)-treated Sprague-Dawley rats. Materials and methods: The rats were divided randomly into six groups, i.e., a normal control group (N); Sn group, which was given TMT chloride; Sn-Cit group, which was treated with citicoline and TMT chloride; and three Sn-TE groups, which were treated with three different dosages of turmeric rhizome extract and TMT chloride. Morris water maze test was carried out to examine the spatial memory. The estimated total number of CA1 and CA2–CA3 pyramidal cells was calculated using a stereological method. Results: The administration of turmeric extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg bw has been shown to prevent the deficits in the spatial memory performance and partially inhibit the reduction of the number of CA2–CA3 regions pyramidal neurons. Discussion: TMT-induced neurotoxic damage seemed to be mediated by the generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. Turmeric extract might act as anti inflammatory as well as anti-oxidant agent. Conclusions: The effects of turmeric extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg bw seem to be comparable to those of citicoline.

EFEK EKSTRAK ETANOL RIMPANG TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) TERHADAP MEMORI SPASIAL TIKUS MODEL DEMENSIA YANG DIINDUKSI TRIMETHYLTIN

Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb is one of the plants containing curcumin. Curcumin has anti-amyloidogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity that can prevent dementia. The aim of the research was to know the effect of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb rhizome ethanol extract (CREE) to spatial memory on dementia model rat induced by trimethyltin (TMT). This research use 30 rats, divided into 6 groups, each group consisted of 5 rats. All groupswere given trimethyltin intraperitoneal lyexcep tgroup I.Group I (healthy controls) and group II (TMT /illness control) were given a solution of 1% CMC-Na orally. Group III (drug control) were given citicoline 200 mg/kgBW orally. Group IV, V, and VI were given CREE orally dose 50 mg/kgBW, 100 mg/kgBW, and 150 mg/kgBW respectively. Data of spatial memory were obtained by Morris water maze test consisted of acquisition trial, and a probe trial. Data from the test then statistically analyzed by one-way repeated measure ANOVA. Morris water maze test showed that there were significant differences (p 0,05) between CREE dose100 mg/kgBW group anddrug control group.Based on the research results can be concluded that ethanol extract Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb rhizome at dose of 100 mg/kgBW can improve spatial memory on dementia model rat induced by trimethyltin.

EFEK PROTEKTIF EKSTRAK ETANOL HERBA PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN KATARAK TIKUS WISTAR YANG DIINDUKSI SODIUM SELENIT

Cataract is one of the eye pathology that can cause blindness. Oxidative stress has been identified as an initiating factor of cataract. The objective research was to study the protective effect of ethanol extract Centela asiatica toward cataract formation on Wistar rat induced by sodium selenite. Cataract was induced in 9 days old Wistar rat, which 5 groups of 7 each. Group I got injection aquadest and the test groups got injection CMC-na (group II), vitamin E dose 378 IU/kg bw (group III), ethanol extract Gotu cola herb dose 100 mg/kg bw (group IV), and 200 mg/kg bw (group V), 400 mg/kgbw, subcutaneously, respectively, for 3 days. After 4 hours, all rats got injection a single dose 50 ug/kg of BW sodium selenite intraperitoneally. Then eyes were observed in all groups on postnatal day 16, when the eyes of the rat first opened. Then percentage of cataract incidence were calculated. Finally, rats were executed and eyes were taken for lens histophatological analyses with hematoxiline eosin staining. Based on macroscopic and microscopic analyses it can be concluded that ethano extract of Centella asiatica had protective effect toward cataract formation on Wistar rat induced by sodium selenite. The least cataract incidence was showed at dose 200 mg/kg bw.

EFEK LIKOPEN TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH GALUR SD (Sprague Dawley) YANG DIINDUKSI PARASETAMOL DENGAN MELIHAT AKTIVITAS SGPT DALAM DARAH

Liver is one of the most important organ for drug metabolism in the body. The damage to the liver can be marked by increased activity of the enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the blood. Lycopene is an antioxidant that has the ability to eliminate free radicals and detoxifies electrophilic compounds that damage can be prevented. The purpose of this research is to know whether lycopene can inhibit the increase alanine aminotransferase activity of SD (Sprague Dawley) rats induced by parasetamol. This experiment using 20 male rats Sprague Dawley. They were divided into 4 groups. Group I is a healthy control (baseline) was only given aquadest, group II were given paracetamol as pain control, group III and IV are treatment group were each given lycopene with a dosage 15 µg/kg BW and 30 µg/kg BW for 21 days. On 19th day group II, as well as all treatment groups induced paracetamol. The blood sampling was performed on orbital sinus on 19th day (before induced by paracetamol) and on 21th day or two days after induced paracetamol to know the difference alanine aminotransferase activity. The data were analyzed using non-parametric statistical methods with Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney test with 95% confidence level. The result has showed that the lycopene doses 15 µg/kgBW had alanine aminotransferase activity of 130.10 ± 11.83 U/I and lycopene doses 30 µg/kgBW had alanine aminotransferase activity of 106.46 ± 2.36 U/I. If compared with paracetamol control had alanine aminotransferase activity of 92.53 ± 2.57 U/I, should take a summary that the lycopene doses 15 ig/kg BW and 30 ig/kg BW couldn’t decrease alanine aminotransferase activity on SD (Sprague Dawley) male rats.