Sara Vilar Dantas Simões

Imunidade passiva, morbidade neonatal e desempenho de cabritos em diferentes manejos de colostro

Objetivando determinar o manejo de colostro que permitisse a melhor aquisicao de imunidade passiva em cabritos e avaliar possiveis relacoes entre imunidade, morbidade e desempenho, amostras de sangue foram obtidas de 58 cabritos da raca Saanen antes e 30 horas apos a primeira ingestao de colostro. Os cabritos foram distribuidos em cinco grupos experimentais. No Tratamento 1 (T1) o colostro foi ingerido ad libitum durante 24 horas. Nos demais tratamentos o colostro foi fornecido em mamadeira; os cabritos do T2 ingeriram 200mL de colostro apos o parto; do T3, ingeriram 400mL de colostro sendo 200mL apos o parto e 200mL apos 8 horas; do T4, ingeriram tambem 400mL de colostro, sendo 200mL apos o parto, 200mL apos 14 horas; e os do T5 ingeriram 600mL de colostro, 200mL apos o parto, 200mL as 12 e 200mL as 24 horas. Os valores sericos de gamaglobulinas foram avaliados por eletroforese. O ganho de peso diario foi utilizado para avaliacao do desempenho no periodo de aleitamento. A ocorrencia de doencas foi registrada do nascimento ate 28 dias. A menor concentracao de gamaglobulinas foi encontrada nos animais do Grupo 2 (1,65g/dL) e a maior concentracao foi observada no Grupo 3 (2,60g/dL). Foi observado no Grupo 3 mais animais com diarreia, porem nao foram encontradas diferencas estatisticas significativas ao nivel de 5%. Os diferentes manejos de colostro nao estiveram associados com o desempenho dos cabritos ate o final do periodo neonatal.

Primary photosensitization caused by ingestion of Froelichia humboldtiana by dairy goats

This study aimed to describe the first report of an outbreak of primary photosensitization in dairy goats caused by Froelichia humboldtiana. The disease occurred from March to May 2014, in a mixed flock of 15 Saanen, Alpine, and crossbred lactating goats. The entire flock was affected; however, the Saanen and cross-bred goats developed more severe lesions, and their milk production decreased by as much as 75%. Lesions were progressive and consisted of skin hyperemia, edema, and necrosis, especially in depigmented areas. An experimental study with two goats resulted in photodermatitis, similar to that observed in the natural cases, 10-14 days after the beginning of plant ingestion. Serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and -glutamyltransferase (GGT) and, direct, indirect, and total bilirubin serum concentrations were within the normal ranges. In conclusion, F.xa0humboldtiana causes primary photosensitization in goats with a negative impact on milk production.

Poisoning in goats by the monofluoracetate-containing plant Palicourea aeneofusca (Rubiaceae)

The epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of a spontaneous outbreak of Palicourea aeneofusca poisoning in goats are reported. The main clinical signs were motor incoordination, generalized muscle tremors, broad-based posture, tachypnea, tachycardia, vocalization and respiratory distress. Two goats died 5 and 20xa0min after the observation of the first clinical signs. Another that was found recumbent died 80xa0h later. One goat with mild clinical signs recovered. Congestion and hemorrhages were observed macroscopically and histologically in most organs. Pulmonary edema was also observed. The main microscopic findings consisted of cytoplasmic vacuolization and necrosis of the renal tubular epithelium. The average concentration of monofluoroacetate obtained in sixteen samples of P.xa0aeneofusca was 0.29xa0±xa00.17%. It is concluded that P.xa0aeneofusca is toxic to goats under natural conditions.

Primary photosensitization and contact dermatitis caused by Malachra fasciata Jacq. N.V. (Malvaceae) in sheep

Farmers from Paraiba state, Northeast Brazil, claim that Malachra fasciata causes cutaneous lesions in sheep. To test its toxicity the plant was harvested daily and fed ad libitum for 21 days to 3 sheep as the sole food source (# 1-3). An additional sheep (# 4) was maintained as a control. Cutaneous lesions of photosensitization initiated after 7 days and increased continuously over the next 21 days. The dose ingested varied between 129xa0g/kg to 175xa0g/kg. Alopecia, hyperemia and crusting were observed in the animals. On day 22, sheep 3 was euthanized. At necropsy, no gross or microscopic alterations were observed in the liver. Skin biopsies were performed in the remaining animals Histopathology of skin of the three sheep included acanthosis, orthokeratosis, and multifocal infiltration by lymphocytes, eosinophils and plasma cells around blood vessels and appendages in the dermis. The Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon was observed in the dermis of sheep 2, due probably by contact dermatitis. After the end of administration Sheep 1 and 2 were protected from sunlight and the lesions regressed within two weeks. This experiment indicates that M.xa0fasciata causes primary photosensitization and contact dermatitis in sheep.