Ariosvaldo Nunes de Medeiros

Níveis de energia em dietas para ovinos Santa Inês: características de carcaça e constituintes corporais

Carcass characteristics, cut dressing and body constituents were determined according to the different dietary energy levels. Eighteen Santa Ines sheep (averaging live weight of 20 kg and six months old) were full fed diets with 2.43, 2.66 and 2.88 Mcal of metabolizable energy (ME)/kg of dry matter (DM). The animals were slaughtered when reached 33 kg live weight (LW). A randomized block design, with six replicates, was used. Linear decreasing effect was observed for loss in fast (LF) and linear increase for hot (HCW) and cold (CCW) carcass weight, hot (HCD) and cold (CCD) carcass dressing and empty body weight (EBW). However, the loss in cooling (LC) and true dressing (TD) were not affected by the dietary energy levels. For the cuts and its respective dressing in relation to the CCW, no effect was observed for the analyzed variables, except for shoulder weight and superior rib weight, that showed increasing linear effect, as the dietary energy levels increased. The compactness index of the carcass and leg showed no effect, as the dietary energy levels increased. Fat thichness and loin eye area showed no significant effects. No significant effect was observed for the noncarcass constituents, except for the internal fat (IF) and for the content of gastrointestinal tract - CGT and rumen/reticulum - R/R, that showed linear increasing effect and linear decreasing effect, respectively.

Utilização de medidas biométricas para predizer características da carcaça de cabritos Saanen

Biometric measures of dairy goats were taken to estimate equations for prediction of weight and carcass characteristics of animals with different nutritional conditions. An experiment was carried out into two phases, with 27 male Saanen goats at each one. The animals were assigned to the following feeding groups: ad libitum, 30 and 60% of restriction. The initial live weight (LW) was 5 kg at the Phase 1 and 20 kg at the Phase 2, the animals were slaughtered when they reached 20 and 35 kg of LW, respectively. The biometric measurements and body conditions were determined when the animals were alive. After the slaughter and 24 hours of chilling, were evaluated the carcass characteristics. The fasted live weight (FLW), cold carcass weight (CCW) and carcass compactness were estimated in function of the biometric measurements. Among the biometric measurements, thoracic perimeter and body length showed the best adjustment for FLW, CCW and compactness estimation, and are recommended, because of its precision and easy execution.

Milk production, intake, digestion, blood parameters, and ingestive behavior of cows supplemented with by-products from the biodiesel industry.

This study aimed to evaluate the intake, digestion, blood parameters, and feeding behavior of crossbred dairy cows (Holstein × Gir) managed on Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania-1 and provided supplementation with groundnut cake, sunflower cake, or palm kernel cake (to replace soybean meal). Sixteen cows were randomly assigned in a Latin square design with four treatments and four experimental periods. The consumption of nutrients from the pasture did not vary between experimental treatments. Cows receiving the palm kernel cake supplement had a reduced crude protein, non-fibrous carbohydrate, and total digestible nutrient intake and an increase in the average consumption of ether extract. There was also a reduction in the digestibility of dry matter. The inclusion of supplements in the diet did not influence the average time spent eating, ruminating, or resting. The mean values of respiratory and heart rates showed thermal comfort during the trial period. There was a reduction in blood urea nitrogen with palm kernel cake supplementation, and the values of total protein, albumin, and glucose were also significantly different with this supplement. It is recommended that cakes of groundnut cake and sunflower cake seed be used for a total replacement of soybean meal supplements for lactating cows, but the use of palm kernel cake is not recommended.

Níveis de energia em dietas para ovinos Santa Inês: desempenho

The intakes of dry matter (IDM), metabolizable energy (IME), ether extract (IEE), crude protein (ICP), neutral detergent fiber (INDF), acid detergent fiber (IADF) and organic matter (IOM) and the daily weight gain (WG), in kg/day, and feed conversion (FC) were determined to evaluate the effect of three dietary energy levels, for sheep. Eighteen Santa Ines sheep (averaging live weight of 20 kg six months old) were full fed diets with 2.42, 2.66 and 2.83 Mcal of metabolizable energy (ME)/kg of dry matter (DM). A randomized block design, with six replicates, was used. IDM, in kg/day, %LW, g/kg0.75, showed no effect, as the dietary energy levels increased, with average of 0.88 kg, 3.33% and 75.52 g, respectively. INDF and IADF showed linear decreasing effect, as the dietary energy levels increased. IEE and IME increased linearly, as the dietary energy levels increased. There was no significant effect for ICP, as the dietary energy levels increased. Dietary energy levels did not influence weight gain and feed conversion, that were of 0.123, 0.137, and 0.191 kg and 9.6, 8.4, and 7.0, respectively.

Efeito do ambiente térmico e níveis de suplementação nos parâmetros fisiológicos de caprinos Moxotó

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, determinar o efeito do ambiente termico e de diferentes niveis de suplementacao sobre os parâmetros fisiologicos de caprinos Moxoto, criados em confinamento no semi-arido nordestino. Utilizaram-se 16 animais machos, que receberam duas dietas compostas de palma forrageira (Opuntia ficus indica), feno de manicoba (Manihot glaziowii) e dois niveis de suplementacao (0,5 e 1,5% do peso vivo). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em regime de subparcelas, com 2 tratamentos e 8 repeticoes. No interior do aprisco os indices de conforto ambiental ficaram elevados a partir das 11 h e, no periodo da tarde, esses indices ficaram acima do ideal para os animais, ou seja, fora da zona de conforto termico, porem, os caprinos da raca Moxoto conseguiram manter a temperatura retal dentro dos limites normais; entretanto, com aumento dos batimentos cardiacos. Ocorreu aumento da frequencia respiratoria como uma forma de dissipacao de calor para manter a homeotermia. Uma percentagem maior de suplementacao provocou aumento da temperatura retal.

Influência do manejo do rebanho, das condições higiênicas da ordenha e da fase de lactação na composição química do leite de cabras Saanen

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of lactation stage in the chemical and physical characteristics of milk from Saanen goats as well as to investigate the effects of flock management, milking sanitary conditions, and lactation phase in the milk fatty acid profile. Twenty goats were randomly assigned to four groups of five animals each. Flock management differed by the presence or absence of males in the groups while milking sanitary conditions differed either by a poor or by a good milking hygiene. Milk samples were collected at 35, 85 and 135 days of lactation. Results showed that milk yield was as expected at 135 days of lactation; peak milk production was observed at 35 days of lactation and decreased linearly as lactation progressed. Milk yield, milk fat content, and milk acidity all changed according to the lactation stage. Milking sanitary conditions and flock management did not affect the milk fatty acids profile. However, milk fatty acids profile differed at different lactation stages with the greatest content of saturated fatty acids at 85 days of lactation.

Influência dos níveis de concentrado sobre os cortes comerciais, os constituintes não-carcaça e os componentes da perna de cordeiros confinados

Thirty-two intact lambs averaging 17.1 kg of initial body weight were assigned to one of the following four treatments: 30, 45, 60 or 75% of dietary concentrate in a completely randomized design (eight lambs/treatment). Lambs were feedlot fed during the experimental period (43 days). After slaughter, carcasses were refrigerated for 24 h. It was measured the weights and percentages of five cuts from the half carcass as well as the proportion of muscle, bone and fat tissue from the leg. The weights of neck, shoulder, ribs, loin and leg all increased linearly by increasing the level of concentrate in the diet while the opposite was observed for the yields of neck, leg, and shoulder; yield of ribs followed the increment of concentrate in the diet and increased linearly. Fat thickness and loin eye area were both affected by the level of concentrate in the diet. The same was observed for the non-carcass components with the exception of digestive tract. Feeding increasing dietary levels of concentrate to lambs affected the weight and yield of retail cuts and internal organs and increased the proportion and deposition of fat in the carcass.

Morphometric and carcass characteristics of kid goats and lambs finished in feedlots

The objective of this study was to evaluate the genotype effect on the morphometric and quantitative characteristics of carcasses of kids and lambs finished in feedlot. A total of 34 entire male animals was used, 12 kid goats (½ Boer ´ ½ SRD), 12 kid goats (½ Anglo Nubiano ´ ½ SRD) and 10 Santa Ines sheep, with initial live weight of 18.3 kg, average age of 135 days at the beginning of the trial. The averages of withers height, corporal compactness and thoracic perimeter of the Santa Ines genotype were superior to those of the kid genotypes. The hot and cold carcass dressing of the genotypes was similar, but losses from cooling in the Anglo Nubiano crossbred kid goats and Santa Ines lambs were larger than in the Boer crossbreds. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes only for carcass compactness. The lambs deposited more covering fat, presented larger loin eye area and leg circumference than the kid goats.

Restrição alimentar em caprinos: rendimento, cortes comerciais e composição da carcaça

Twenty-seven Saanen male kids averaging 20 kg of body weight (BW) at the beginning of the trial were used to study the effects of feed restriction on carcass characteristics. Animals were assigned to one of the following three treatments: control (fed ad libitum), 30 or 60% of feed restriction. A completely randomized design was used and data were submitted to regression analysis; animals were slaughtered when they reached 35 kg of BW. The following traits were measured in this trial: carcass commercial and biological yields, commercial cuts, tissue composition of hind leg, rib eye area (REA), and carcass compactness. Increasing feed restriction reduced carcass and commercial cut weights as well as loin and fat proportions in the carcass. Conversely, proportions of bone, neck, and shoulder clod all increased when the feed restriction went from 0 to 60%. Muscle tissue proportion was not changed by feed restriction in this study. It can be concluded that 30% of feed restriction did not negatively affected carcass quality of Saanen dairy kids.

Produção e composição química do leite de cabras mestiças Moxotó sob suplementação com óleo de licuri ou de mamona

Avaliou-se o efeito da inclusao de oleos de licuri ou de mamona na dieta sobre a producao, a composicao quimica do leite de cabras leiteiras e a viabilidade economica dessas dietas. No delineamento experimental foram utilizadas cabras Mesticas Moxoto distribuidas em quadrado latino 5 × 5 com duas repeticoes, composto de cinco dietas: uma controle, sem lipidio suplementar, e as demais com 3% ou 5% de oleo de licuri ou de mamona. A suplementacao com 5% de oleo de licuri reduziu a producao de leite, mas nao influenciou a producao de leite corrigida para 4% de gordura. A adicao de 3% de oleo de mamona reduziu o teor de gordura e de solidos totais em comparacao ao oleo de licuri, aumentando o teor de lactose. O teor de proteina do leite, no entanto, nao foi alterado pela adicao de oleo na dieta. Os indicadores economicos apontaram a dieta controle como a mais rentavel, no entanto, a suplementacao com 3% de oleo de licuri, em comparacao ao de mamona, pode ser interessante quando o leite se destina ao processamento, em virtude do maior teor de gordura.