Sarah Meegan

Irish physical educators’ attitude toward teaching students with special educational needs

This study examined the relationship among the specific special educational needs (SEN) of emotional/behavioural disorder (EBD), specific learning disabled (SLD), mild-moderate mentally impaired (MMMI), and moderate-severe mentally impaired (MSMI) and the selected attributes of gender, academic preparation and previous experience in teaching students with SEN. The Physical Educators’ Attitudes Toward Teaching Individuals with Disabilities-III (PEATID-III) (Rizzo, 1993) instrument was used to collect the data. The instrument was sent to all secondary school physical educators in the Republic of Ireland. Results from ANOVA analysis found that female physical educators displayed more positive attitudes than male physical educators toward SLD and MSMI students. For previous experience, a significant difference in physical educators’ attitudes was found for MMMI students only. Results also found low numbers of physical educators having completed initial teacher training (ITT) in SEN relevant to physical education (PE) at undergraduate as well as postgraduate levels. The results provide evidence that there is a need to promote positive attitudes among Irish physical educators toward teaching students with SEN as well as improved ITT and postgraduate training for SEN in PE.

Pedometer step count and BMI of Irish primary school children aged 6-9 years

OBJECTIVE (1) To assess step count and Body Mass Index in Irish children, (2) to examine variation in (i) weekday and weekend activity, (ii) during-school and after-school activity, and (3) to evaluate the utility of pedometer based PA recommendations for health in predicting Body Mass Index. METHODS Three hundred and one Irish primary school children aged 6-9 years wore a sealed pedometer for seven consecutive days in 2008, had their height and weight measured, and completed a short Physical Activity questionnaire. RESULTS The majority of children were classed as of normal weight, and met the age and sex specific pedometer recommendations for health. Children took significantly more steps at weekends than on weekdays, and after school than during school. A child being classed as normal or overweight/obese based on Body Mass Index did not predict the likelihood of them meeting the pedometer recommendations. CONCLUSIONS The majority of children were achieving sufficient steps/day for health but interventions to target those falling short should be considered. Further research examining the relationship between steps per day and Body Mass Index is warranted.

The evaluation of a cooperating physical education teachers programme (COPET)

The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of a cooperating physical education (PE) teachers programme from a cooperating teacher’s perspective. Teaching practice is acknowledged as one of the most important areas of undergraduate teacher preparation. As part of a new undergraduate PE teacher education (PETE) programme, a cooperating PE teachers programme (COPET) was designed in an effort to maximize the learning opportunities for student teachers when on placement. The programme was piloted with a cohort of 26 cooperating teachers supervising 28 student teachers. Following a two-week teaching practice placement, three focus group interviews were held with 11 cooperating teachers to evaluate the effectiveness of the COPET programme. Findings indicate the cooperating teachers found the COPET programme very useful in defining their role on teaching practice. This paper presents the findings of the evaluation, and addresses some of the issues and challenges surrounding sustainability of the programme.

Inclusive education: Ireland's education provision for children with special educational needs

The concept of inclusive education is a relatively new phenomenon within the Irish education system, with considerable developments in government policy only occurring since the early 1990s. These developments are aiming to advance special education provisions and legislation for individuals with disabilities and special educational needs (SEN). This increased attention is illustrated by the Special Education Review Committee (SERC) report, the report of the Government Commission on the Status of People with Disabilities, A Strategy for Equality (1996), the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment (NCCA) Discussion Document (1999), Special Educational Needs: Curriculum Issues, the Education Act, the Equal Status Act and the recently published Education for Persons with Special Educational Needs Bill and the Disability Bill (2004). However, despite these advancements in SEN developments, it can be argued that the Irish government and education system still fall short of providing a rights-based education to all children with a disability or SEN in the state. This article discusses the educational provision for children with SEN from 1990 to 2004.

The impact of the COPET programme on student PE teachers’ teaching practice experiences:

Teaching practice is a decisive event in a student teacher’s training and shapes the beginnings of their life in the teaching profession. It is widely recognized that student teachers’ learning opportunities can be maximized during teaching practice by cooperating teacher contribution (Hardy, 1999; O’Sullivan, 2003; Rikard and Veal, 1996; Tjeerdsma, 1998). Though the practice of cooperating teachers being involved in teacher education has been in place in other countries for many years, it is a relatively new concept in Ireland. This study aimed to explore student teachers’ perspectives of the impact of a cooperating physical education (PE) teachers’ programme that was implemented during teaching practice. The programme was piloted with 30 student teachers and 26 cooperating teachers during a two week teaching practice placement. Three focus group interviews were held with 14 student teachers to examine their experiences and to evaluate the effectiveness of the programme. The findings revealed that increased interaction with a cooperating teacher had a positive impact on the student teacher’s teaching and learning experience. Recommendations for future improvement of the programme are based on developing a larger cohort of willing cooperating teachers to ensure that all student teachers are afforded equal opportunities with regard to feedback and support during teaching practice.

Teaching Practice: University Supervisors' Experiences and Perceptions of a Cooperating Physical Education Teacher Education Programme.

The purpose of this research was to examine university supervisors’ experiences and perceptions of a cooperating physical education teacher education (COPET) programme while on teaching practice. Teaching practice is a central tenet of physical education teacher education (PETE) preparation. The COPET programme was designed to support the triad members of student teachers, cooperating teachers and university supervisors during teaching practice. The programme was piloted with 30 student teachers, 26 cooperating teachers and 10 university supervisors during a two-week teaching practice placement. A total of six university supervisors participated in a focus group to determine their experiences and perceptions of the programme. Findings indicated that the COPET programme provided a helpful and structured framework for the role of university supervisor. Future directions for the programme revolve around universities’ need to consider ways of encouraging supervisors to work collaboratively with student teachers, cooperating teachers and other university supervisors to improve the teaching practice process.

A comparison of physical activity, physical fitness levels, BMI, and blood pressure of adults with intellectual disability, who do and do not take part in Special Olympics Ireland programmes.

People with an intellectual disability are less physically active, live more sedentary lives, have lower fitness levels and are more likely to be overweight or obese than the general population. No evidence exists on the impact of participation in Special Olympics Ireland (SOI) on physical activity and physical fitness levels. Adults with intellectual disabilities (16–64 years) were recruited from services and SOI clubs. Physical measures included waist circumference, height, weight, blood pressure, heart rate and 6-min walking test. Self-report questionnaires gathered data on physical activity levels. Actigraph (GT3X) accelerometers were used to gain an objective measure of physical activity. SOI participants accumulated more moderate to vigorous physical activity per day, had higher fitness levels and more positive health profile scores than those not taking part in SOI. SOI has the potential to make a positive difference to people’s physical health and subsequently their overall health and well-being.

People with intellectual disability and their families' perspectives of Special Olympics Ireland: Qualitative findings from the SOPHIE study.

Previous research has highlighted that while involvement in Special Olympics can have benefits for athletes and their families, there can also be many barriers to participation. This qualitative study, which was part of a large mixed-method study, examined the experiences and perspectives of people with intellectual disability, their families and staff who work with them, about Special Olympics Ireland (SOI). A total of 47 participants (15 athletes, 6 non-athletes, 18 family members and 8 staff members) participated in focus group and individual interviews. Supplemental data, gathered as part of the larger study extracted from open-ended survey questions completed by 97 family members also informed this element. Findings revealed four main themes: impact of participation on athletes, impact of involvement on families, barriers to participation and how to enhance participation rates. Involvement in Special Olympics impacted positively on the quality of life of athletes and families. Enhanced availability of user-friendly information and service accessibility were important drivers identified for enhancing participation rates in Special Olympics.

An examination of the nutritional intake and anthropometric status of individuals with intellectual disabilities: Results from the SOPHIE study.

The prevalence of obesity appears greater in people with intellectual disabilities than those in the general population. This study aimed to examine the nutritional intake and anthropometric status of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Participants aged 16–64 years were recruited from intellectual disability service provider organizations (n = 131). Data were collected using questionnaires; 4-day food dairies and weight, height and waist circumference measurements. Participants’ mean body mass index (BMI) was 29.4 kg/m2 ± 6.1, 2.4% were underweight, 22.6% were normal weight, 28.2% were overweight and 46.8% were obese. Having a diagnosis of Down syndrome (p = 0.03) was associated with increasing BMI. Increasing waist circumference was associated with increasing severity of ID (p = 0.04). The mean-reported energy intake was 1890 kcal/day. Mean energy intakes from sugar, fat and saturated fat were above recommendations and few participants met micronutrient recommended daily amounts. This study highlights the alarming prevalence of overweight and obesity and poor diet quality of individuals with intellectual disabilities.