Saskia Böcking

A Process Model of the Formation of Spatial Presence Experiences

In order to bridge interdisciplinary differences in Presence research and to establish connections between Presence and “older” concepts of psychology and communication, a theoretical model of the formation of Spatial Presence is proposed. It is applicable to the exposure to different media and intended to unify the existing efforts to develop a theory of Presence. The model includes assumptions about attention allocation, mental models, and involvement, and considers the role of media factors and user characteristics as well, thus incorporating much previous work. It is argued that a commonly accepted model of Spatial Presence is the only solution to secure further progress within the international, interdisciplinary and multiple-paradigm community of Presence research.

The spatial presence experience scale (SPES): A short self-report measure for diverse media settings

Abstract. The study of spatial presence is currently receiving increased attention in both media psychology and communication research. The present paper introduces the Spatial Presence Experience ...

Spatial Presence Theory: State of the Art and Challenges Ahead

Throughout the last decades, research has generated a substantial body of theory about Spatial Presence experiences. This chapter reviews some of the most important existing theoretical explications. First, building on notions offered in literature, the core of the construct will be explicated: what exactly is meant by the term “Spatial Presence”? Second, theoretical views on the “feeling of being there” provided by different Presence researchers are introduced. Important aspects and determinants of Spatial Presence have been highlighted in the past, such as attentional processes and embodied cognition. However, coherent theoretical frameworks are rare and more empirical research seems necessary to advance the theoretical understanding of Spatial Presence. The chapter concludes with an overview about recent controversies and future trends in Spatial Presence research.

Ways to Measure Spatial Presence: Review and Future Directions

The chapter focuses on the measurement of spatial presence. Our aim is review existing measures of spatial presence and provide evaluative classifications of the quality and appropriateness of these measurement methods. In addition to existing methods, we also shortly discuss the appropriateness of measures that have not been extensively used so far, such as “think aloud”-method, dual-task measures, eye-related measures and psychophysiological measures.

Fernseherziehung in der Deutschschweiz

ZusammenfassungWelchen Einfluss Eltern auf die Fernsehnutzung ihrer Kinder nehmen und wie sie diese begleiten, ist breit erforscht. In den letzten Jahrzehnten wurden in internationalen Studien verschiedene Faktoren im häuslichen und familiären Umfeld des Kindes identifiziert, die das elterliche Fernsehbegleitverhalten beeinflussen. In der Deutschschweiz fehlt es jedoch bisher an Studien, die die von diesen Faktoren ausgehenden Einflüsse systematisch und in einer Untersuchung miteinander vergleichen. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht deshalb simultan die von elterlichen Einstellungen und Faktoren des familiären und häuslichen Umfelds ausgehenden Einflüsse auf das elterliche Fernsehbegleitverhalten. Dazu wurden 252 Eltern von Kindern im Alter zwischen 3 und 14 Jahren in der Deutschschweiz um Auskunft zu diesen Faktoren, ihrem Fernsehbegleitverhalten sowie der Fernsehnutzung ihrer Kinder gebeten. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen Befunde der internationalen Forschung: Die größte Bedeutung für elterliches Fernsehbegleitverhalten haben elterliche Einstellungen, das Familienklima sowie das Alter des Kindes. Sozial-strukturelle und soziodemographische Faktoren verlieren demgegenüber an Bedeutung.AbstractParents’ influence on and monitoring of children’s television use has been investigated intensely. In recent years international research has identified different environmental and family factors which influence active mediation, restrictive mediation, and co-viewing. However, there has been no systematic simultaneous comparison of the impact of these factors in German-speaking Switzerland. Therefore the present study analyzes the impacts of parental attitudes as well as family and environmental factors on parental mediation of children’s TV use simultaneously. 252 parents of children aged 3 to 14 answered questions concerning the impact factors, their mediation behaviour as well as children’s media use. Results confirm findings from international research: Most important for parental mediation styles are parental attitudes and the family communication style as well as children’s age. Structural and other sociodemographical factors seem to be less important.