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Featured researches published by Scott R. Rosas.


PLOS ONE | 2011

Evaluating Research and Impact: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research by the NIH/NIAID HIV/AIDS Clinical Trials Networks

Scott R. Rosas; Jonathan M Kagan; Jeffrey T. Schouten; Perry A. Slack; William M. K. Trochim

Evaluative bibliometrics uses advanced techniques to assess the impact of scholarly work in the context of other scientific work and usually compares the relative scientific contributions of research groups or institutions. Using publications from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) HIV/AIDS extramural clinical trials networks, we assessed the presence, performance, and impact of papers published in 2006–2008. Through this approach, we sought to expand traditional bibliometric analyses beyond citation counts to include normative comparisons across journals and fields, visualization of co-authorship across the networks, and assess the inclusion of publications in reviews and syntheses. Specifically, we examined the research output of the networks in terms of the a) presence of papers in the scientific journal hierarchy ranked on the basis of journal influence measures, b) performance of publications on traditional bibliometric measures, and c) impact of publications in comparisons with similar publications worldwide, adjusted for journals and fields. We also examined collaboration and interdisciplinarity across the initiative, through network analysis and modeling of co-authorship patterns. Finally, we explored the uptake of network produced publications in research reviews and syntheses. Overall, the results suggest the networks are producing highly recognized work, engaging in extensive interdisciplinary collaborations, and having an impact across several areas of HIV-related science. The strengths and limitations of the approach for evaluation and monitoring research initiatives are discussed.


Health Research Policy and Systems | 2009

Developing a conceptual framework for an evaluation system for the NIAID HIV/AIDS clinical trials networks

Jonathan M Kagan; Mary Kane; Kathleen M. Quinlan; Scott R. Rosas; William M. K. Trochim

Globally, health research organizations are called upon to re-examine their policies and practices to more efficiently and effectively address current scientific and social needs, as well as increasing public demands for accountability.Through a case study approach, the authors examine an effort undertaken by the National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (part of the National Institutes of Health, Department of Health & Human Services, United States Government) to develop an evaluation system for its recently restructured HIV/AIDS clinical trials program. The challenges in designing, operationalizing, and managing global clinical trials programs are considered in the context of large scale scientific research initiatives.Through a process of extensive stakeholder input, a framework of success factors was developed that enables both a prospective view of the elements that must be addressed in an evaluation of this research and a current state assessment of the extent to which the goals of the restructuring are understood by stakeholders across the DAIDS clinical research networks.


Journal of School Health | 2009

A retrospective examination of the relationship between implementation quality of the coordinated school health program model and school-level academic indicators over time.

Scott R. Rosas; Jane Case; Linda Tholstrup

BACKGROUND Although models such as the coordinated school health program (CSHP) are widely available to address student health needs, school professionals have been unconvinced that scarce resources should be allocated to improving student health. Concern that attention may be diverted from meeting academic accountability goals is often seen as a reason not to attend to student health. Despite continuing calls for the study of multicomponent health programs in relation to educational achievement, the understanding of the extent to which adherence to the characteristics of CSHP contributes to or compromises academic outcomes over time remains incomplete. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted of CSHP implementation across 158 public schools in Delaware, serving grades K-12. Using a doubly multivariate design, this study examined 3 levels of CSHP implementation across 5 school-level academic indicators for 3 years. Indicators included school performance, school progress, and aggregated student performance in 3 content areas--reading, mathematics, and writing. Data for the years prior to, during, and following implementation of CSHP were analyzed. RESULTS Multivariate main effects of year by implementation level were detected. CSHP schools with high levels of implementation had better school-level performance and progress ratings. CSHP implementation did not have an effect on reading, math, and writing indicators, though all groups showed significant improvements over time in these areas. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study suggest that quality implementation of CSHP does not adversely impact school-level academic indicators over time. Moreover, findings suggest a better fit with school-wide accountability indicators than with specific content-based achievement indicators.


Progress in Community Health Partnerships | 2012

Community-Researcher Partnerships at NIAID HIV/AIDS Clinical Trials Sites: Insights for Evaluation and Enhancement

Jonathan M Kagan; Scott R. Rosas; Rona L. Siskind; Russell D. Campbell; Daniel Gondwe; David Munroe; William M. K. Trochim; Jeffrey T. Schouten

Background: Community engagement has been a cornerstone of National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)s HIV/AIDS clinical trials programs since 1990. Stakeholders now consider this critical to success, hence the impetus to develop evaluation approaches.Objectives: The purpose was to assess the extent to which community advisory boards (CABs) at HIV/AIDS trials sites are being integrated into research activities.Methods: CABs and research staff (RS) at NIAID research sites were surveyed for how each viewed (a) the frequency of activities indicative of community involvement, (b) the means for identifying, prioritizing, and supporting CAB needs, and (c) mission and operational challenges.Results: Overall, CABs and RS share similar views about the frequency of community involvement activities. Cluster analysis reveals three groups of sites based on activity frequency ratings, including a group notable for CAB-RS discordance.Conclusions: Assessing differences between community and researcher perceptions about the frequency of and challenges posed by specific engagement activities may prove useful in developing evaluation tools for assessing community engagement in collaborative research settings.


Research Evaluation | 2010

Integrating utilization-focused evaluation with business process modeling for clinical research improvement

Jonathan M Kagan; Scott R. Rosas; William M. K. Trochim

New discoveries in basic science are creating extraordinary opportunities to design novel biomedical preventions and therapeutics for human disease. But the clinical evaluation of these new interventions is, in many instances, being hindered by a variety of legal, regulatory, policy and operational factors, few of which enhance research quality, the safety of study participants or research ethics. With the goal of helping increase the efficiency and effectiveness of clinical research, we have examined how the integration of utilization-focused evaluation with elements of business process modeling can reveal opportunities for systematic improvements in clinical research. Using data from the NIH global HIV/AIDS clinical trials networks, we analyzed the absolute and relative times required to traverse defined phases associated with specific activities within the clinical protocol lifecycle. Using simple median duration and Kaplan-Meyer survival analysis, we show how such time-based analyses can provide a rationale for the prioritization of research process analysis and re-engineering, as well as a means for statistically assessing the impact of policy modifications, resource utilization, re-engineered processes and best practices. Successfully applied, this approach can help researchers be more efficient in capitalizing on new science to speed the development of improved interventions for human disease.


Journal of Early Intervention | 2013

Conceptualizing Child and Family Outcomes of Early Intervention Services for Children with ASD and Their Families.

Donna M. Noyes-Grosser; Scott R. Rosas; Alyssa W. Goldman; Batya Elbaum; Ray Romanczyk; Emily H. Callahan

State early intervention programs (EIPs) have been encouraged to develop and implement comprehensive outcomes measurement systems. As the number of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and their families receiving services in state EIPs increases, disability-specific outcomes data are needed to better understand issues of access, costs, and benefits. The New York State Early Intervention Program (NYSEIP) used concept mapping with parent and professional stakeholders to define child and family outcomes expected from early intervention services for children with ASD and their families. Stakeholders generated more than 700 statements (synthesized to 105), then individually sorted (17 parents, 39 professionals) these statements into categories. Stakeholders rated each outcome on importance (20 parents, 48 professionals) and likelihood (18 parents, 46 professionals) that EIP services will yield a positive impact. The aggregated sort data were subjected to two separate sets of multivariate statistical analyses, producing an 11-cluster map of professionals’ conceptualization and a 7-cluster map of parent/family members’ conceptualization of the outcomes. Possible explanations for the parent/professional differences are discussed. The results will be used as part of ongoing efforts to develop a comprehensive evaluation system for state Part C EIPs that is grounded in stakeholders’ perspectives on expected outcomes for children and families.


Clinical Trials | 2014

Evaluating protocol lifecycle time intervals in HIV/AIDS clinical trials

Scott R. Rosas; Jeffrey T. Schouten; Dennis O. Dixon; Suresh Varghese; Marie T. Cope; Joe Marci; Jonathan M Kagan

Background: Identifying efficacious interventions for the prevention and treatment of human diseases depends on the efficient development and implementation of controlled clinical trials. Essential to reducing the time and burden of completing the clinical trial lifecycle is determining which aspects take the longest, delay other stages, and may lead to better resource utilization without diminishing scientific quality, safety, or the protection of human subjects. Purpose: In this study, we modeled time-to-event data to explore relationships between clinical trial protocol development and implementation times, as well as to identify potential correlates of prolonged development and implementation. Methods: We obtained time interval and participant accrual data from 111 interventional clinical trials initiated between 2006 and 2011 by National Institutes of Health’s HIV/AIDS Clinical Trials Networks. We determined the time (in days) required to complete defined phases of clinical trial protocol development and implementation. Kaplan–Meier estimates were used to assess the rates at which protocols reached specified terminal events, stratified by study purpose (therapeutic, prevention) and phase group (pilot/phase I, phase II, and phase III/IV). We also examined several potential correlates to prolonged development and implementation intervals. Results: Even though phase grouping did not determine development or implementation times of either therapeutic or prevention studies, overall we observed wide variation in protocol development times. Moreover, we detected a trend toward phase III/IV therapeutic protocols exhibiting longer developmental (median 2½ years) and implementation times (>3 years). We also found that protocols exceeding the median number of days for completing the development interval had significantly longer implementation. Limitations: The use of a relatively small set of protocols may have limited our ability to detect differences across phase groupings. Some timing effects present for a specific study phase may have been masked by combining protocols into phase groupings. Presence of informative censoring, such as withdrawal of some protocols from development if they began showing signs of lost interest among investigators, complicates interpretation of Kaplan–Meier estimates. Because this study constitutes a retrospective examination over an extended period of time, it does not allow for the precise identification of relative factors impacting timing. Conclusion: Delays not only increase the time and cost to complete clinical trials but they also diminish their usefulness by failing to answer research questions in time. We believe that research analyzing the time spent traversing defined intervals across the clinical trial protocol development and implementation continuum can stimulate business process analyses and re-engineering efforts that could lead to reductions in the time from clinical trial concept to results, thereby accelerating progress in clinical research.


Teaching and Learning in Medicine | 2017

Essential Public Health Competencies for Medical Students: Establishing a Consensus in Family Medicine

Christopher P. Morley; Scott R. Rosas; Ranit Mishori; William B. Jordan; Yumi Shitama Jarris; Jacob Prunuske

ABSTRACT Phenomenon: The integration of public health (PH) competency training into medical education, and further integration of PH and primary care, has been urged by the U.S. Institute of Medicine. However, PH competencies are numerous, and no consensus exists over which competencies are most important for adoption by current trainees. Our objective was to conduct a group concept mapping exercise with stakeholders identifying the most important and feasible PH skills to incorporate in medical and residency curricula. Approach: We utilized a group concept mapping technique via the Concept System Global Max (http://www.conceptsystems.com), where family medicine educators and PH professionals completed the phrase, “A key Public Health competency for physicians-in-training to learn is …” with 1–10 statements. The statement list was edited for duplication and other issues; stakeholders then sorted the statements and rated them for importance and feasibility of integration. Multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis were used to create a two-dimensional point map of domains of PH training, allowing visual comparison of groupings of related ideas and relative importance of these ideas. Findings: There were 116 nonduplicative statements (225 total) suggested by 120 participants. Three metacategories of competencies emerged: Clinic, Community & Culture, Health System Understanding, and Population Health Science & Data. Insights: We identified and organized a set of topics that serve as a foundation for the integration of family medicine and PH education. Incorporating these topics into medical education is viewed as important and feasible by family medicine educators and PH professions.


Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice | 2014

Assessing the challenges of multi-scope clinical research sites: An example from nih hiv/aids clinical trials networks

Scott R. Rosas; Marie T. Cope; Christie Villa; Mahnaz Motevalli; Jill Utech; Jeffrey T. Schouten

RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES Large-scale, multi-network clinical trials are seen as a means for efficient and effective utilization of resources with greater responsiveness to new discoveries. Formal structures instituted within the National Institutes of Health (NIH) HIV/AIDS Clinical Trials facilitate collaboration and coordination across networks and emphasize an integrated approach to HIV/AIDS vaccine, prevention and therapeutics clinical trials. This study examines the joint usage of clinical research sites as means of gaining efficiency, extending capacity, and adding scientific value to the networks. METHODS A semi-structured questionnaire covering eight clinical management domains was administered to 74 (62% of sites) clinical site coordinators at single- and multi-network sites to identify challenges and efficiencies related to clinical trials management activities and coordination with multi-network units. RESULTS Overall, respondents at multi-network sites did not report more challenges than single-network sites, but did report unique challenges to overcome including in the areas of study prioritization, community engagement, staff education and training, and policies and procedures. The majority of multi-network sites reported that such affiliations do allow for the consolidation and cost-sharing of research functions. Suggestions for increasing the efficiency or performance of multi-network sites included streamlining standards and requirements, consolidating protocol activation methods, using a single cross-network coordinating centre, and creating common budget and payment mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS The results of this assessment provide important information to consider in the design and management of multi-network configurations for the NIH HIV/AIDS Clinical Trials Networks, as well as others contemplating and promoting the concept of multi-network settings.


Journal of rural mental health | 2018

Use of concept mapping to support evidence-based practice implementation improvement in rural areas.

Julie G. Salvador; Deborah Altschul; Scott R. Rosas; Alyssa W. Goldman; Sarah W. Feldstein Ewing

Limited research exists on what rural provider agency staff and state-level leadership agree are key factors affecting implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) for substance abuse in rural areas. Lack of communication and agreement about barriers can lead to stagnation in making the difficult practice and policy changes that are required to improve implementation. Given this problem, the authors conducted concept mapping with rural provider agency staff and state level agency staff who worked in substance use disorder prevention, treatment, or recovery to develop a shared understanding of the critical factors affecting the implementation of EBPs in a rural state. This resulted in identifying 10 key areas for improvement and the relative importance of each area. This study describes the collaborative process of concept mapping and its impact on state efforts to improve EBP implementation in rural areas.

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Jeffrey T. Schouten

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

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Jonathan M Kagan

National Institutes of Health

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Marie T. Cope

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

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Christie Villa

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

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Jill Utech

St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

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Aashir Nasim

Virginia Commonwealth University

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Eric K. Soule

Virginia Commonwealth University

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