Se-Won Yoon

Anti-hyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Ketorolac Tromethamine gel using pulsed ultrasound in inflamed rats

The aim of this study was to determine if a Ketorolac Tromethamine (KT) gel solution could be administered in vivo via phonophoretic transdermal delivery using pulsed ultrasound by examining its anti-hyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in a rat carrageenen inflammation model. 1% carrageenan was injected into the plantar surface of the right hindpaw of a rat, and anti-hyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of KT via phonophoretic transdermal delivery were examined. The changes in the mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, nociceptive flexor reflex (NFR), as well as the swelling changes were determined. According to the anti-hyperagesia and anti-inflammation tests, which were used to determine the change in the pain thresh-old, NFR and swelling showed that the group given the phonophoretic transdermal delivery of KT exhibited significantly more noticeable anti-hyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory effects than those treated with the simple application of a KT gel. The transdermal application of KT gel using phonophoresis had significant anti-hyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. These findings suggest that the transdermal administration of a KT gel using phonophoresis using pulsed ultrasound might be useful for treating acute inflammation and pain.

The effects of ketorolac tromethamine and baicalein on the levels of inflammatory factors in human synoviocytes

This study examined the effects of ketorolac tromethamine (KT) and baicalein (BE) on the levels of inflammatory factors in human synoviocytes. The fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) cells were used to determine the possible regulatory effects of KT and BE (KTBE) on the levels of inflammatory factors in FLS cells. In addition, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β mRNA expression in FLS cells induced by a TNF-α and IL-1β co-treatment were largely inhibited by a KTBE treatment. The level of FLS cells proliferation was increased by IL-1β and TNF-α, and strongly inhibited by KTBE treatment. The production of oxygen species (ROS) was inhibited by KTBE in FLS cells. KTBE appears to regulate the levels of mRNA that are important for regulating RA progression.

Changes in Electroencephalogram for Action Observation of Ski Simulation

Purpose : This study aims to examine the effects of action observation of ski simulation on electroencephalogram (EEG). Methods : Thirty healthy subjects were randomly divided into three groups: 10 participants in an AM (actual movement) group; 10 participants in an OM (observation) group; and 10 participants in a CM (control movement) group. The EEG was measured to examine changes in EEG between action observation and actually movement at 8 areas of the scalp for one minute before, during and after action observation. Results : Relative alpha power showed statistically significant differences among groups in Cz and C4 and there were interactions among groups in the Oz area. Relative beta power showed no statistical significance among groups and in particular, there were interactions among groups in the Oz area. Conclusion : These findings show that action observation affected brain activation as in actual movement. Thus it can be expected that when movement through the brain activation is applied to patients in bed rest or those who cannot perform actually movement, it can be utilized as physiotherapy.

The Effect of Balance Training on Balance Ability and Ankle Joint Muscle Activity

Purpose : This study investigates the effects on balanced ability and ankle joint muscle following balance pad and trampoline training periods in order to report a clinical directing about this matter. Methods : A total of nine members participated in a balance training program that put a balance pad and trampoline to use. Participants trained three times a week for thirty minutes in groups of six. Resting time was set for two minutes. EMG (median frequency and root mean square) was used to measure muscle activity at 3 weeks and 6 weeks, respectively. The tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles were measured. Participants were measured with eyes open and closed. Results : The median frequency showed a significant difference according to the change in time in both muscles. Also, results showed a significant interaction between eyes open and closed in the gastrocnemius muscle. The root mean square only showed a significant difference according to the change in time in the gastrocnemius muscle. Conclusion : We suggest that the balance pad and trampoline training influence a decrease in the recruitment rate of slow twitch muscles through an improvement in balance ability; however, the training did not show a statistically significant difference with regards to eyes open and closed.