Sébastien Bully

Un dispositif funéraire spécifique : les formae. État de la question et nouvelles découvertes

The archaeological research carried out on the site of Saint Peter’s monastery in Osor (Island of Cres, Croatia), has recently revealed a small building interpreted as a mausoleum. A distinctive feature of this building is that it contains masonry tombs built prior to its construction, and as a consequence arranged in a regular manner, which have been defined under the term formae. The rareness of this type of funerary installation - according to the inventories - in the Dalmatian Adriatic area, forces us to question its presence in this particular context. In addition, apart from the primary study of the monument itself, the presence of the formae provides us with the opportunity to ask a more general question as to the use of this particular funerary package by looking at discoveries elsewhere in Europe, both historically and more recently, with the aim of providing a comparative study. Through this initial overview we hope, therefore, to determine whether there exists a set body of characteristics, ind...

Esquisse d'un paysage monastique insulaire dans le nord de l'Adriatique: l'archipel du Kvarner (Croatie)

The authors of the article set as their goal the examination of the complex question of early Monasticism (up to the 11th century) in the Kvarner region, reconsidering the old archaeological data, the unpublished ancient results and the results of new archaeological surveys gathered since 2010 through the specific research program. The first difficulty encountered is that of the actual identification of the archaeological remains as a monastic or hermitic site, given the lack of any written source for most of the sites. We examine here a certain number of religious sites, potentially monastic ones, considering their larger context of implantation, their patron, and/or their vicinity to a byzantine fortress. Other sites of different type are presented equally, through a description of the conditions of their foundation, focusing on the questions of the re-use of previous structures and their place along the maritime routes.

Le monastère Saint-Pierre d’Osor (île de Cres): Troisième campagne d’études archéologiques

Cet article se propose d’etablir un compte-rendu de la campagne de fouille 2008 menee sur le site du monastere Saint-Pierre d’Osor. Comme les annees precedentes, nous avons poursuivi les travaux de terrassement autour de l’eglise Saint-Pierre et la fouille du secteur ouvert a son chevet, tout en finalisant l’etude archeologique des elevations. L’eglise Saint-Pierre, attestee au debut du XIe siecle par les sources historiques et des datations radiocarbones, succede a plusieurs phases de constructions, dont la plus ancienne date du IVe siecle. Son mur nord a enchâsse une partie d’une construction anterieure de l’Antiquite tardive ou du haut Moyen Âge. La fouille du cimetiere medieval au chevet de Saint-Pierre indique que la population qui y est inhumee serait plutot de type paroissial avec de grands laics. Le cimetiere pourrait avoir ete abandonne au moment de la reconstruction de l’eglise aux XVe-XVIe siecles.

Le monastère Saint-Pierre d’Osor (île de Cres): onzième campagne d’études archéologiques.

Before the presentation of the 2016 campaign, the results of the campaign of 2015 are briefly cited. The completion of the excavation of the reduced church, the further analysis of its structures as well as the stratigraphical analysis allowed us to reformulate our hypothesis and advance our knowledge of the first church on the site which seems to have had a cruciform ground plan and have been built in the proto-Byzantine period. This year’s campaign was mostly carried out in the area of the Romanesque church vestibule (sector V) and of its north-east exterior (sector VI). Among most important contributions is the discovery of the large vessel found in the northern part of the vestibule whose space was clearly partitioned both in elevation (partition in bays) and at ground level (privileged burials in the central bay, infant burials in the southern bay). Numerous medieval tombs were found and excavated in the sector VI, as well as two graves from the iron age that were discovered under the medieval built ...

Le monastère Saint-Pierre d’Osor (île de Cres) : huitième campagne d’études archéologiques

Two protohistoric Liburnian graves are the most ancient structures discovered in this year’s campaign which was essentially focused on the sector IV, south of the abbey church of Saint Peter in Osor. This area is particularly rich in medieval built tombs of the monastic cemetery that developed next to the church and a mausoleum. The precise datation of this funeral building, which was being used in the 10th century, is still to be determined, but it has been confirmed that its construction preceded the foundation of the monastery, for at least few decades. A great many monks have chosen the mausoleum as their burial site.In the excavations of the first bay of the basilica other tombs were unearthed as well as the rest of the “inner” facade that divided the church from its vestibule. Further excavations of the building B have allowed us to establish its datation (11th - 12th century) and to discover some structures dating from Late Antiquity. The most important contribution of this campaign is the confirma...

Journées d’études monastiques. Autour du cloître : les chapelles Notre-Dame et les accès au chapitre. Baume-les-Messieurs (Jura), 5 et 6 avril 2012

La salle du chapitre est, apres l’eglise abbatiale, au centre du dispositif de la vie monastique. A partir de quelques cas mieux connus par l’archeologie, il s’agit d’etudier les relations de la salle du chapitre avec les eglises, souvent dediees a Notre-Dame, qui lui sont attachees, ainsi que le role de ces relations avec les infirmeries et la gestion des offices des defunts dans la plupart des etablissements benedictins et clunisiens, en particulier. Ces journees d’etudes sont organisees da...

Le monastère Saint-Pierre d'Osor (île de Cres) : sixième campagne d'études archéologiques

In the 2011 campaign the southern and central apses, as well as the southern nave of the abbey church of St Peter, together with its immediate surroundings were excavated. The primary analysis of the eastern part of the Venetian town wall was undertaken as well. The geophysical survey of the western and south-eastern parts of the complex has equally been continued. The initial results allow us to present a phasing of the early Romanesque church, possibly preceded by two earlier churches, as well as to complete the ground plan thanks to the discovery of the former bell-tower, containing a funerary room (maybe a chapel) in its ground level. Furthermore, the monastic topography was clarified by the discovery of a new construction - probably funerary - situated to the south of the church, a structure situated to the south-east easily recognizable as a possible cloister, and finally by the existence of a long monastic building situated in the eastern part of the monastery, and integrated into the Venetian city...

L’abbaye de Saint-Claude (jura) à la fin du Moyen Âge. Enjeux et enseignements d’un grand chantier

La reconstruction, a l’extreme fin du xive siecle, de l’eglise abbatiale Saint-Pierre de l’abbaye de Saint-Claude (Jura) a coincide avec le developpement du pelerinage a destination de ce lieu. A la lumiere de recherches recentes, il est permis de mettre en relation ces deux evenements et de considerer sous un angle nouveau la vaste entreprise de reconstruction des edifices du monastere a cette periode. L’identification du premier maitre d’œuvre, les influences dont a beneficie le chantier, son contexte, et plus globalement une meilleure connaissance de l’histoire de cette abbaye a la fin du Moyen Âge, nous conduisent en effet a reflechir sur la topographie du monastere, son evolution et la distribution des fonctions en son sein, en lien avec le renouveau de l’etablissement.

Le monastère Saint-Pierre d'Osor (île de Cres) : cinquième campagne d'études archéologiques

In this article the main results of the 2010 excavations campaign on the site of the monastery of Saint Peter in Osor are presented. Theses concern the medieval cemetery and some late antique dwellings situated east of the church’s sanctuary. Further more, the test probe north of the basilica of Saint Peter led to the discovery of a late medieval craft workshop zone (fulling mill?), and the one on the south provided supplementary information about the connections between the church and other, previous or later, buildings. The combination of different approaches (archaeological excavations and analysis of the elevations, geophysical and documentary research) enabled us to propose a new working hypothesis on the origin of the church (6th-7th c.?) and the first sketch of the medieval topography of the monastery.

Les abbayes Saint-Pierre de Gigny et Saint-Pierre de Baume (Jura)

Presentation Les deux sites monastiques majeurs du Jura que sont Baume et Gigny sont loin d’avoir revele l’etat de leur construction a l’origine, et en particulier au moment ou est fondee la grande abbaye de Cluny (Saone-et-Loire). Ils ont tous deux ete etudies dans leurs etats actuels – pour l’essentiel des XIe-XVesiecles –, mais au moment ou se developpe un grand programme de fouille sur les origines de l’abbaye bourguignonne (2007-2010), il semblait opportun de regarder de pres les fondeme...