Seehyung Lee

The comparison of fossil carbon fraction and greenhouse gas emissions through an analysis of exhaust gases from urban solid waste incineration facilities

ABSTRACT In this study, in order to understand accurate calculation of greenhouse gas emissions of urban solid waste incineration facilities, which are major waste incineration facilities, and problems likely to occur at this time, emissions were calculated by classifying calculation methods into 3 types. For the comparison of calculation methods, the waste characteristics ratio, dry substance content by waste characteristics, carbon content in dry substance, and 12C content were analyzed; and in particular, CO2 concentration in incineration gases and 12C content were analyzed together. In this study, 3 types of calculation methods were made through the assay value, and by using each calculation method, emissions of urban solid waste incineration facilities were calculated then compared. As a result of comparison, with Calculation Method A, which used the default value as presented in the IPCC guidelines, greenhouse gas emissions were calculated for the urban solid waste incineration facilities A and B at 244.43 ton CO2/day and 322.09 ton CO2/day, respectively. Hence, it showed a lot of difference from Calculation Methods B and C, which used the assay value of this study. It is determined that this was because the default value as presented in IPCC, as the world average value, could not reflect the characteristics of urban solid waste incineration facilities. Calculation Method B indicated 163.31 ton CO2/day and 230.34 ton CO2/day respectively for the urban solid waste incineration facilities A and B; also, Calculation Method C indicated 151.79 ton CO2/day and 218.99 ton CO2/day, respectively. Implications: This study intends to compare greenhouse gas emissions calculated using 12C content default value provided by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) with greenhouse gas emissions calculated using 12C content and waste assay value that can reflect the characteristics of the target urban solid waste incineration facilities. Also, the concentration and 12C content were calculated by directly collecting incineration gases of the target urban solid waste incineration facilities, and greenhouse gas emissions of the target urban solid waste incineration facilities through this survey were compared with greenhouse gas emissions, which used the previously calculated assay value of solid waste.

A Study on Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions Characteristics from Anthracite Circulating Fluidized Bed Power Plant in Korea

In order to tackle climate change effectively, the greenhouse gas emissions produced in Korea should be assessed precisely. To do so, the nation needs to accumulate country-specific data reflecting the specific circumstances surrounding Koreas emissions. This paper analyzed element contents of domestic anthracite, calorific value, and concentration of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in the exhaust gases from circulating fluidized bed plant. The findings showed the concentration of CH4 and N2O in the flue gas to be 1.85 and 3.25 ppm, respectively, and emission factors were 0.486 and 2.198 kg/TJ, respectively. The CH4 emission factor in this paper was 52% lower than default emission factor presented by the IPCC. The N2O emission factor was estimated to be 46% higher than default emission factor presented by the IPCC. This discrepancy can be attributable to the different methods and conditions of combustion because the default emission factors suggested by IPCC take only fuel characteristics into consideration without combustion technologies. Therefore, Korea needs to facilitate research on a legion of fuel and energy consumption facilities to develop country-specific emission factors so that the nation can have a competitive edge in the international climate change convention in the years to come.

Development of Greenhouse Gas (CH 4 and N 2 O) Emission Factors for Anthracite Fired Power Plants in Korea

Although anthracite power plant acts as the important source of greenhouse gas emissions, relatively little is known about its emission potentials. Especially, because the emissions of Non- greenhouse gas and are strongly dependent on fuel type and technology available, it is desirable to obtain the information concerning their emission pattens. In this study, the anthracite power plants in Korea were investigated and the emission gases were analyzed using GC/FID and GC/ECD to develop Non- emission factors. The anthracite samples were also analyzed to quantity the amount of carbon and hydrogen using an element analyzer, while calorie was measured by an automatic calorie analyzer. The emission factor of and computed through the gas analysis corresponded to 0.73 and 1.98 kg/TJ, respectively. Compared with IPCC values, the emission factor in this study was about 25% lower, while that of was higher by about 40%. More research is needed to extend our database for emission factors of various energy-consuming facilities in order to stand on a higher position.

Development of Greenhouse Gas (CO2) Emission Factor for Korean Coal Briquettes

Korea adheres to the basic emission factor proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Guidelines to calculate the greenhouse gas emission. However, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Guidelines recommends applying an emission factor unique to a country, which reflects its features in fuel consumption. Especially, there has been little research in emission factors and in the amount of Korean coal briquettes used in Korea, and even worse, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Guidelines has not proposed the basic emission factor for such briquettes. Recently, the Korean government has made efforts to calculate greenhouse gas emission factors for each sector, and it is requiring research and development be conducted in the greenhouse gas emission factors of Korean coal briquettes in household and commercial sectors. The amount of carbon, hydrogen, and calorific values in the input fuel was measured using a calorimeter, elemental analyzer and proximate analyzer. For fuel analysis, the CO2 emission factor for Korean coal briquettes is 95,558 CO2 Kg/TJ. It is lower than the local anthracite CO2 emission factor, 111,100 CO2 Kg/TJ and the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, 87,399 CO2 Kg/TJ by about 13.99 and 2.79%, respectively.

Development of Non-CO 2 Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for the B-C Oil Fired Boiler Power Plants

The power plants are one of the GHG major source among the sectors of fossil fuel combustion, therefore information of its emission factors is very essential to the establishing control strategies for the greenhouse gas emissions. The and concentration from power plants were measured using GC-FID and GC-ECD. The results showed that emission factor was 0.33 kg/TJ and emission factor was 0.88 kg/TJ. The and emission factors developed in this study were compared with those for IPCC default value and other countries emission factors. The results showed that emission factor was lower than IPCC default value and Finnish emission factor, but higher than Japanese emission factor. emission factor was higher Japanese emission factor and IPCC default emission factor however lower than Finnish emission factor. More research is needed on our own emission factors of various energy-consuming facilities in order to stand on a higher position in international negotiations regarding the treaties on climate changes.