Seitaro Nakamura

TEST OF THE INTERMEDIARY BOSON THEORY

Energy spectra of electrons emitted in BETA , LAMBDA , and EPSILON decay are measured, using the Tanikawa theory of universal Fermi interactions in terms of intermediary action of bosons with baryon numbers. Results are represented graphically. (L.N.N.)

The universal fermi interaction and heavy mesons

Abstract By postulating interchange ability of the fermions, forty-four kinds of new heavy bosons are introduced which were not included in the Gell-Mann-Nishijima scheme. It is aimed thus to understand the β-decay and the other processes by the universal Fermi interaction in terms of the competitive processes involving the intermediary of boson groups. The existence of new kinds of muons with extraordinary long life-times of 1 to 100 days is also conjectured.

Strong interaction of baryons and ℵ-charge

Abstract An attempt is made to establish an interaction Hamiltonian of baryons, which is symmetric in the three-dimensional charge space called N-space, where electric charge is defined as Qe = N3. In order to describe the strong interaction as well as the weak interaction in the same N-space, we shall forget strangeness and introduce a new quantum number, the κ-charge Qκ, which enables us to classify baryons into the two groups: Q κ = 1 2 + κ 3 = 1 for the nucleons and the Ξ-particles ( κ 3 = 1 2 and Q κ = 0 for the Σ and Λ-particles κ 3 = − 1 2 ). We compare these two groups to proton and neutron in the symmetric meson theory and consider certain processes of strong interaction of the Yukawa type between them. In order to give a Hamiltonian symmetric in κ-space and also in N-space (both of which are assumed to be three-dimensional and orthogonal to each other), we assume the existence of sixteen kinds of mesons which mediate the strong interactions among baryons ( κ 3 = 1, 0, −1, |ℵ| = 1 and κ 3 = 0, |ℵ| = 0 ), to each of which there correspond four values of the electric charge Qe = N3 = 1, 0, −1; 0. It is shown that the kaons correspond to mesons with κ3 = ± 1, the strangeness-two mesons to those with κ 3 = 0 (|ℵ| = 1) and pions to those with κ 3 = 0 (|ℵ| = 0 ). For our Hamiltonian no special symmetry is assumed in the Lorentz space so that the original symmetry in the speculated charge spaces cannot in general be maintained if the diversity of the Dirac-operators and of the intrinsic parities of mesons is to be upheld. As a result we have a new symmetry - “fragile” symmetry, which would unite higher symmetry in the pion-baryon couplings and in the kaon-baryon couplings and also in the D-meson-baryon couplings at the cost of partially violating the original symmetry in κ − N spaces. It is shown that conservation of κ-charge with doubling the number of kaons (K-kaons and L-kaons) allows us to explain the experiments which were previously explained by the strangeness rule. From the κ-charge selection rule we are led to expect the existence of Ξ-hyperfragments which from the strangeness rule alone should decay instantaneously.

ON THE "NEUTRINO CHARGE" IN WEAK AND STRONG INTERACTIONS

Abstract It is proposed here to extend the idea of the neutrino charge of the leptons to all the elementary particles. No experiments have been found to contradict the assumption that parity is conserved when the neutrino charge is and that the neutrino charge changes by a constant in any process due to the weak interactions in which the conservation of the parity is violated. It is likely that the neutrino charges of the baryons and mesons can be assigned to be the same as their hypercharges.

THEORY OF WEAK INTERACTIONS BETWEEN BARYON AND PION

For the weak interaction between baryons and pions a new kind of interaction Hamiltonian involving the S, T, and P types with the derivative of the baryon field as well as with that of the pion field is suggested. In order to reproduce the strange nature of the asymmetry factors and the branching ratios for all nomleptonic modes of the hyperon decay in terms of the Yukawa type interactions with a higher symmetry in the extended isotopic spim space, the invariance under the time reversal operation is violated. (auth)

Fragile Symmetry in the Strong Interactions

A variant version of symmetry is proposed, in which the resonance processes should violate the complete higher symmetry that otherwise holds in the strong Yukawa-type interactions of baryons and mesons. Thus, it is assumed that the higher symmetry of the resonance transitions forming or dissolving isobars should be different from the Yukawa-interaction symmetry. Quantum numbers and selection rules are obtained in this model. It is expected that processes forbidden by the symmetric strong interaction should take piace as resonance reactions. Processes allowed by the selection rules should have two channels, one through the symmetric strong interaction and one through the possible isobars. (T.F.H.)

HYPERON DECAY IN THE NONLEPTONIC MODE

An interaction Hamiltonian of the weak interaction between baryons and pions is described in the threedimensional charge space. In order to determine the types of interaction, a conservation law of extended chirality is speculated; the branching ratios and the absolute lifetimes of the nonleptonic hyperon decays are calculated and the results are compared with the experiments. (auth)