Selcuk Toprak

Earthquake Response of Underground Pipeline Networks in Christchurch, NZ

This paper explores key aspects of underground pipeline network response to the Canterbury earthquake sequence in Christchurch, New Zealand, including the response of the water and wastewater distribution systems to the MW6.2 22 February 2011 and MW6.0 13 June 2011 earthquakes, and the response of the gas distribution system to the MW7.1 4 September 2010 earthquake, as well as the 22 February and 13 June events. Repair rates, expressed as repairs/km, for different types of pipelines are evaluated relative to (1) the spatial distribution of peak ground velocity outside liquefaction areas and (2) the differential ground surface settlement and lateral ground strain within areas affected by liquefaction, calculated from high-resolution LiDAR survey data acquired before and after each main seismic event. The excellent performance of the gas distribution network is the result of highly ductile polyethylene pipelines. Lessons learned regarding the earthquake performance of underground lifeline systems are summarized.

Seismic Response of Underground Lifeline Systems

This paper presents and discusses the recent developments related to seismic performance and assessment of buried pipelines. The experience from the performance of pipelines during last earthquakes provided invaluable information and lead to new developments in the analysis and technologies. Especially, the pipeline performance during Canterbury earthquake sequence in New Zealand is taken as a case study here. The data collected for the earthquake sequence are unprecedented in size and detail, involving ground motion recordings from scores of seismograph stations, high resolution light detection and ranging (LiDAR) measurements of vertical and lateral movements after each event, and detailed repair records for thousands of km of underground pipelines with coordinates for the location of each repair. One of the important learnings from the recent earthquakes is that some earthquake resistant design and technologies proved to be working. This provides a motivation to increase international exchange and cooperation on earthquake resistant technologies. Another observation is that preventive maintenance is important to reduce the pipeline damage risk from seismic and other hazards. To increase the applicability and sustainability, seismic improvements should be incorporated into the pipe replacement and asset management programs as part of the preventive maintenance concept. However, it is also important to put in the most proper pipeline from the start as replacing or retrofitting the pipelines later requires substantial investment. In this respect, seismic considerations should be taken into account properly in the design phase.

Leonardo Projelerinin Teknik Alanlardaki Eğitime Katkısı

1995 yilindaki baslangicindan beri Leonardo da Vinci programi muhendislik ve mesleki egitime onemli katkilarda bulunmustur. Bu calisma yazarlarin 2006 ve 2012 yillari arasinda yer aldiklari agirlikli olarak muhendislik uygulamalarini iceren farkli teknik alanlardaki dort Leonardo projesini tanimlar. Projelerin ortak ozelligi, Ogrenme Yonetim Sistemi ve Ogrenme Icerigi Yonetim Sistemi gibi sistemler ile e-ogrenme platformlarinin beraber kullanimidir. Proje urunleri uluslararasi ortaklikla uretilmis ve dolayisiyla cogu Avrupa ulkesindeki hedef kitlenin ihtiyaclarini karsilamistir. WASTE-TRAIN be PROWAT projelerinin egitim malzemeleri karma egitime uygun olarak tasarlanmistir. ACES projesinin egitim malzemeleri ise yalnizca uzaktan egitime uygun olarak tasarlanmistir. PM4WAT projesinin egitim malzemeleri ise agirlikli olarak uzaktan egitime uygundur. Ancak simulator egitimi yuz yuze konseptine uygun olarak tasarlanmistir. Her bir projenin bir parcasi olarak, kullanici gruplari ve uzmanlardan egitim malzemeleri ve egitim yontemi hakkinda degerlendirme ve geri bildirim almak uzere deneme egitimi yapilmistir. Burada Turk katilimcilarin cevaplari sunulacak ve tartisilacaktir. Sonuclar katilimcilarin ozellikle karma egitim yaklasimina ilgili olduklarini gostermektedir.