Semra Ciger

Effects of retainers on the articulation of speech

Articulation abilities of 15 patients were evaluated at the end of orthodontic treatment with the initiation of removable upper and lower retainer wear. A test of articulation, based on consonants and vowels (cv), (vcv), (vc), (cvc) nonsense syllables, was used to evaluate the articulatory distortions with no retainers and with maxillary and mandibular retainers worn respectively and together. The test was performed (a) on the first day, (b) 24 hours later, and (c) 1 week later. Statistically significant articulatory distortions with the /t/ and /d/ sounds on the first day with upper retainer only and with both retainers worn together were noted. Also significant distortion of the /k/ sound with both retainers worn was observed. These distortions, due to the wearing of retainers, decreased to an insignificant level or disappeared completely on the seventh day showing the ability of tongue adaptation in a very short period of time.

An assessment of conventional and self-ligating brackets in Class I maxillary constriction patients

OBJECTIVE To evaluate two different treatment systems with regard to incisor position, transverse dimension changes in maxillary arch, changes in maxillary molar inclinations, clinical periodontal parameters, and pain intensity in patients with a Class I malocclusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventeen patients (with a mean age of 14.5 years) underwent orthodontic treatment with the Roth prescribed edgewise bracket systems after expanding the maxillary arch with a quad-helix appliance, and 16 patients (with a mean age of 14.8 years) underwent orthodontic treatment with the Damon 3MX bracket system. Each subjects lateral cephalometric and posteroanterior radiographs and dental casts were obtained at the beginning of the treatment and after debonding. In addition to these, the periodontal index and pain scores were taken. RESULTS Cephalometric data showed that in both treatment systems, overjet value decreased and maxillary and mandibular incisors proclined. Posteroanterior measurements demonstrated a greater increase in the maxillary molar inclination in the Damon group. Significant increase of maxillary intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar widths was shown in both systems. Periodontal index and pain score changes between different observation periods were the same. CONCLUSIONS The conventional and Damon systems were found similar with regard to the incisor position, transverse dimension changes in maxillary arch, clinical periodontal parameters, and pain intensity. The only significant difference was that the Damon system inclined the maxillary molars more buccally than the conventional group.

Effects of Hawley retainers on consonants and formant frequencies of vowels

OBJECTIVE To assess (1) whether Hawley retainers cause speech disturbance and (2) the duration of speech adaptation to Hawley retainers with objective and subjective tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve adolescents, aged 11.11 to 18.03 years, were included in this study. The assessment of speech sounds were done subjectively using an articulation test and objectively using acoustic analysis before and after Hawley retainer application. RESULTS After wearing Hawley retainers, patients showed statistically significant speech disturbances on consonants [ş] and [z]. Regarding the vowels, statistically significant changes were recorded with [i], while F1 increased and F2 and F3 decreased. CONCLUSIONS The tongue changes its target position with the application of a foreign body within the mouth; however, in time it adapts to that new situation.

Effects of 2 types of facemasks on condylar position

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare Delaire and Grummons protraction facemasks with a new articulator system (Amtech MG1, American Technologies, Brazil) that can record condylar positions. METHODS Thirty-four patients treated with protraction facemask therapy were divided into 2 groups; 18 were treated with the Delaire facemask (DFM) and 16 with the Grummons facemask (GFM). The observation periods were 8.5 months for the DFM group and 10 months for the GFM group. Mandibular position indicator (MPI) recordings were taken with the new articulator system and evaluated before and after the protraction facemask therapies. RESULTS MPI recordings in the sagittal plane showed forward and downward movement from centric relation to maximum intercuspal position for both condyles at the beginning of treatment for most patients. After treatment, the discrepancy between centric relation and maximum intercuspation was less in the DFM group than in the GFM group. However, more compressive movement of the condyles through the glenoid fossa was observed in the DFM group. CONCLUSIONS Although the centric slide amount decreased more with the Delaire facemask compared with the Grummons facemask, patients treated with the Delaire facemask must be monitored for signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorder.

Comparing the effects of Essix and Hawley retainers on the acoustics of speech

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two retainer types (Essix and Hawley) on speech performance. Subjects and methods The speech articulation of 30 patients was evaluated prospectively. Five patients did not appear during the follow-up periods. The patients were randomly divided into retention groups by treatment allocation cards as Essix and Hawley. The Essix group included 13 participants with a mean age of 15.3±2.4 years; the Hawley group included 12 participants with a mean age of 16.3±2.56 years. Speech sound assessments were performed on the first day and 1 week, 4 weeks, and 3 months later. On the first day, the assessments were conducted prior to inserting the retainers, immediately after maxillary and mandibular retainer application, individually, and with both retainers applied. The acoustic analyses were obtained using spectral and temporal parameters. Results Statistical analyses were performed with IBM SPSS for Windows, version 20. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The most apparent changes were found in the [a] vowel in the Hawley group, the [e] vowel in the Essix group, and the [u] vowel in both groups (P < 0.05). While the number of affected consonant-vowel couples in the Essix group was low, alterations were common in the Hawley group. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in voice onset time of the [d] sound between the groups. Limitations The trial had a small sample size and a short follow-up period. Conclusions The Hawley retainer affected articulatory movements in consonant-vowel combinations more prominently than the Essix retainer did. Voice onset time of the consonant [d] in the Hawley group was shorter than normal, indicating rapid articulatory movement in the alveolar region.

Three-dimensional assessment of the temporomandibular joint and mandibular dimensions after early correction of the maxillary arch form in patients with Class II division 1 or division 2 malocclusion

Objective This study aimed to assess three-dimensional changes in the temporomandibular joint positions and mandibular dimensions after correction of dental factors restricting mandibular growth in patients with Class II division 1 or division 2 malocclusion in the pubertal growth period. Methods This prospective clinical study included 14 patients each with Class II division 1 (group I) and Class II division 2 (group II) malocclusions. The quad-helix was used for maxillary expansion, while utility arches were used for intrusion (group I) or protrusion and intrusion (group II) of the maxillary incisors. After approximately 2 months of treatment, an adequate maxillary arch width and acceptable maxillary incisor inclination were obtained. The patients were followed for an average of 6 months. Intraoral and extraoral photographs, plaster models, and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were obtained before and after treatment. Lateral cephalometric and temporomandibular joint measurements were made from the CBCT images. Results The mandibular dimensions increased in both groups, although mandibular positional changes were also found in group II. There were no differences in the condylar position within the mandibular fossa or the condylar dimensions. The mandibular fossa depth and condylar positions were symmetrical at treatment initiation and completion. Conclusions Class II malocclusion can be partially corrected by achieving an ideal maxillary arch form, particularly in patients with Class II division 2 malocclusion. Restrictions of the mandible in the transverse or sagittal plane do not affect the temporomandibular joint positions in these patients because of the high adaptability of this joint.

The Comparison of Silver and Laser Soldering Techniques on Periodontal Tissues: A Preliminary Study

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the inflammatory effects of conventional and laser soldering methods on periodontal tissues in orthodontics. Materials and Method: Forty specimens were acquired from 10 patients whose treatment plan consisted of extraction of 4 first premolars. Before performing the extractions, a transpalatal arch (TPA) for the upper first molars and a lingual arch for the lower first molars were placed for anchorage purposes. Upper left and lower right first molar bands were soldered using the laser welding (LW) technique, and upper right and lower left first molar bands were soldered using the conventional silver soldering technique (CSS). Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) analysis was used for determining the effects of welding procedures on periodontal tissues. All variables were analyzed by nonparametric tests. Results: Myeloperoxidase levels ranged between 2.46 and 3.56 for the CSS group and between 2.20 and 3.39 for the LW group; nitric oxide levels ranged bet...

Evaluation of the soft tissue treatment simulation module of a computerized cephalometric program

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the accuracy of the treatment simulation module of Quick Ceph Studio (QCS) program to the actual treatment results in Class II Division 1 patients. Design: Retrospective study. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six skeletal Class II patients treated with functional appliances were included. T0 and T1 lateral cephalograms were digitized using QCS. Before applying treatment simulation to the digitized cephalograms, the actual T0-T1 difference was calculated for the SNA, SNB, ANB angles, maxillary incisor inclination, and protrusion and mandibular incisor inclination and protrusion values. Next, using the treatment simulation module, the aforementioned values for the T0 cephalograms were manually entered to match the actual T1 values taking into account the T0-T1 differences. Paired sample t-test were applied to determine the difference between actual and treatment simulation measurements. Results: No significant differences were found for the anteroposterior location of the landmarks. Upper lip, soft tissue A point, soft tissue pogonion, and soft tissue B point measurements showed statistically significant difference between actual and treatment simulation in the vertical plane. Conclusion: Quick Ceph program was reliable in terms of reflecting the sagittal changes that would probably occur with treatment and growth. However, vertical positions of the upper lip, soft tissue pogonion, soft tissue A point, and soft tissue B point were statistically different from actual results.

GÖMÜLÜ MAKSİLLER KANİN TEDAVİSİNİN ÜST SANTRAL KESERLERİN APİKAL KÖK REZORBSİYONU ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

OZET Bu calismanin amaci palatinalde gomulu maksiller kaninlerin ortodontik tedavisinin ust kesici dislerin apikal kok rezorbsiyonu uzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Bu amacla palatinalde gomulu maksiller kanini olup, cekimsiz edgewise mekanigi ile tedavi edilmis 15 olgu ile cekimsiz sabit ortodontik tedavi gormus 15 birey tedavi kapsamina alinmistir. Bu bireylerden tedavi basi ve sonunda alinan lateral sefa-lometrik filmler uzerinde santral kesici dislerin boyu olculerek kok rezorbsiyon miktari saptanmistir. Ayrica koninin labiyal inklinasyonu ve okluzal duzleme uzakliginin saptanmasi icin cesitli acisal ve boyutsal olcumler yapilmistir. Kok rezorbsiyon miktari gomulu kanin grubu icin ortalama 1.69±1.68 mm olarak bulunurken diger grupta ortalama 0.87±1.01 mm olarak olculmus, iki grup arasindaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamli bulunmamistir. Koninin vertikal erupsiyonu ile kok rezorbsiyon miktari arasinda korelasyon bulunmamistir. Tedavi suresi gomulu kanin grubunda daha fazla olmasina karsin kok rezorb...