Semra Turkoglu

The investigation of some bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties of hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna subsp. monogyna Jacq).

Aim: The antioxidant and pharmacological effects of hawthorn have mainly been attributed to the polyphenolic contents. The aim of this research is to determine some bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties of hawthorn aqueous and ethanol extracts of leaves, flowers, and ripened fruits. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, antioxidant activities of extracts were assessed on DPPH•, ABTS•+, superoxide scavenging, reducing power and ferrous metal chelating activity assays and phenolic content of extracts was determined by Folin—Cioacalteu’s reagent. Results: The flavonoids including rutin, apigenin, myricetin, quercetin, naringenin and kaempferol, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography in the hawthorn extract. Conclusion: It was observed the aqueous and ethanol extracts of Crataegus monogyna subsp. monogyna fruits showed the highest activity in reducing power and metal chelating activity assays. In addition, it was determined that the aqueous flower extract showed higher flavonoid content than aqueous leaves extract. The antioxidant and pharmacological effects of hawthorn have mainly been attributed to the polyphenolic contents.

Some Biological Compounds, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Endemic Hypericum uniglandulosum

We stadied some biologically active compounds, radical scavenging capacities, and antimicrobial activities in Hypericum uniglandulosum extracts. It was found that palmitic acid (12.16 ± 0.69%), oleic acid (3.45 ± 0.17%), and α-linolenic acid (17.15 ± 0.84%) were the dominant fatty acids in the extracts. It was concluded that the extracts contained stigmasterol (52.60 ± 0.57 μg/g), α-tocopherol (29.2 ± 0.54 μg/g), cholesterol (66.16 ± 0.78 μg/g), and as well as β-sitosterol (289.33 ± 4.96 μg/g). It was also determined that the methanol extracts were the most effective against free radicals. The results of the present study show the potent antimicrobial activity of H. uniglandulosum constituents suggesting that they deserve further consideration as novel antibacterial agents.

Toxic and essential metals in Cyprinus carpio, Carassius gibelio, and Luciobarbus esocinus tissues from Keban Dam Lake, Pertek, Turkey

ABSTRACT In various tissues of Luciobarbus esocinus, Cyprinus carpio, and Carassius gibelio which were taken from Keban Dam Lake Pertek region’s freshwaters, Turkey in January–February 2016, concentrations of mercury, nickel, lead, cadmium, arsenic, manganese, chromium, and cobalt were analysed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after microwave digestion. In fish muscle mean chromium concentration (0.614 mg kg−1 in C. carpio muscle) was higher than the maximum limits as set by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency and World Health Organisation. Additionally, mean concentration of lead (0.380 mg kg−1 in C. gibelio muscle) was higher compared to the maximum limit as set by Turkish Standards. Furthermore, in the assessment of the potential health risk, estimated weekly and daily intake of all metals were considerably below permissible tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) and permissible tolerable daily intake values. As a result, consumption of these fish species from this region does not pose a problem on human health.

The determination of the effect of some 1,3,4 thiadiazole derivatives on biochemical content (Fatty Acids, Sterols, Lipophilic Vitamins) in rat liver

Thiadiazole derivatives and its metal compounds have antibacterial, antifungal, antitumoral, antiproliferative and antioxidant properties. In the study, the effects caused by thiadiazole ligand and its metal complexes upon the fatty acids and lipophilic vitamins in livers of rats were examined. The fatty acids in liver were specified by GC while the lipophilic vitamins were specified by HPLC. It was observed that the amounts of oleic acids (18:1, n-9) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) notably increased in the Mn complex group while the amounts of arachidonic acid (20:4, n-6) notably increased in the ligand group, compared to control group. The amounts of vitamin K2, vitamin D3 and α-tocopherol considerably increased in all groups compared to control group. It was noted that the amounts of α-tocopherol were elevated in both the Mn and Cr complex groups compared to control group. However, this elevation was matching with the amount in the same groups. Nevertheless, the amount of retinol was determined to be lower in the Mn complex group compared to other groups. Accordingly, it can be considered that thanks to the utilization of toxic metals such as manganese, cadmium and chrome, unsaturated fatty acids influenced the activities of the enzymes in liver tissue, which are in charge of fatty acid chain elongation.

Biochemical evaluation of hydroxyurea derivative schiff bases in liver of rats

In this study, it was aimed to examine the antioxidant and antihepatotoxic effects of hydroxyurea derivative Schiff bases on serum biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, LDH, urea, creatinine and total bilirubin) and antioxidant parameters (SOD, CAT, GPx, MDA). In this study, a total of 49 adult male Wistar rats was examined and they were divided into 7 equal groups. DMSO, which is diluted only with corn oil, was administered to control group. 25 mg / kg ligand, 25 mg / kg Schiff base - manganese, 25 mg / kg Schiff base-copper, 25 mg / kg Schiff base - zinc, 25 mg / kg Schiff base - nickel, 25 mg / kg Schiff base - cobalt complexes were administered to rats of experimental group subcutaneously for 15 days with three-day intervals throughout the test process. All specimens were killed by decapitation and their livers were extracted. According to the results obtained, ALT level was observed to be higher (P<0.05) in the Cu-L group compared to other groups. LDH level was observed to be higher (P<0.05) in the Cu-L and Co-L groups compared to other groups. SOD level was observed to be higher (P<0.05) in the Cu-L, Mn-L and Zn-L groups compared to other groups. MDA level was observed to be higher (P<0.05) in the Ni-L, Cu-L, Zn-L groups compared to other groups. In conclusion, it can be suggested that the determination of the pharmacological characteristics of them can be beneficial in numerous fields of application thanks to the antioxidant and hepatotoxic activities demonstrated by hydroxyurea derivative Schiff bases.

Phytochemical Compounds and Biological Activities of Celtis tournefortii Fruits

Abstract It is known that Celtis species have been used in healing wound, epilepsy crisis, and stomach pain among the people. The antiradical (DPPH, OH, ABTS) activities, phytochemical compounds (total proanthocyanidin, total flavonoid, total phenolic, flavonoids, phenolic acids, sterols, lipid soluble vitamins, fatty acids), antimicrobial, antiproliferative (MCF-7, HCT-116, A2780, PC-3) activities of water, ethanol, methanol extracts of C. tournefortii fruits were evaluated in this study. All the C. tournefortii fruit water extracts were higher scavenged OH radical than standard antioxidant BHT. It was detected that C. tournefortii includes high amount of α-tocopherol (2.65 mg/kg), vitamin D (10.05 mg/kg), ergosterol (78.70 mg/kg), stigmasterol (185.90 mg/kg), unsaturated fatty acids (74.47%). C. tournefortii extracts showed antiproliferative activity on MCF-7, HCT-116, A2780, PC-3 cancer cell lines and antimicrobial activity on some microorganisms when compared to standard antibiotics. Also, this study is the first report about phytochemical contents, antiproliferative, antimicrobial, antiradical properties of C. tournefortii fruits.