Serap Akyüz

Isolation and in vitro characterisation of dental pulp stem cells from natal teeth

Dental pulp stem cells were primarily derived from the pulp tissues of exfoliated deciduous teeth, primary incisors and permanent third molar teeth. The aim of this study was to isolate and extensively characterise SCs derived from human natal dental pulp (hNDP). For characterisation, proliferation capacity, phenotypic properties, ultrastructural and differentiation characteristics and gene expression profiles were utilised. A comparison was done between the properties of NDP-SCs and the properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow (BM) of the human. Stem cells isolated from hNDP and hBM were analysed by flow cytometry, reverse transcriptase-PCR, Real Time-PCR, and immunocytochemistry. Both cell lines were directionally differentiated towards adipogenic, osteogenic chondrogenic, myogenic and neurogenic lineages. hNDP-SCs and hBM-MSCs expressed CD13, CD44, CD90, CD146 and CD166, but not CD3, CD8, CD11b, CD14, CD15, CD19, CD33, CD34, CD45, CD117, and HLA-DR. Ultrastructural characteristics of hNDP-SCs showed more developed and metabolically active cells. hNDP-SCs and hBM-MSCs expressed some adipogenic (leptin, adipophilin and PPARγ), myogenic (desmin, myogenin, myosinIIa, and α-SMA), neurogenic (γ-enolase, MAP2a,b, c-fos, nestin, NF-H, NF-L, GFAP and betaIII tubulin), osteogenic (osteonectin, osteocalcin, osteopontin, Runx-2, and type I collagen) and chondrogenic (type II collagen, SOX9) markers without any stimulation towards differentiation under basal conditions. Embryonic stem cell markers Oct4, Rex-1, FoxD-3, Sox2, and Nanog were also identified. The differentiation potential of hNDP-SCs and hBM-MSCs to adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, myogenic and neurogenic was shown. This report described the first successful isolation and characterisation of hNDP-SCs.

Is it the injection device or the anxiety experienced that causes pain during dental local anaesthesia

AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of anxiety and type of dental injection, a plastic syringe or an electronic computerized device, on the pain perceived by children. DESIGN Two dental injectors, a computerized device (Wand, Milestone Scientific, Livingston, NJ, USA) and a traditional plastic syringe, were compared. Forty-one children, aged 9-13 years, who had registered for treatment in Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey, were included in the study. Both anxious and non-anxious children were included in the study group. The Childrens Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale, Facial Image Scale, Spielbergers State Anxiety Index for Children, and heart rates were used to determine the anxiety levels. Participants were assigned to interventions by using random allocation. The first appointment was designed as an introductive familiarization session and injections were administered in the second and third sessions, with one or the other injector. The visual analogue scale was used for pain measurement after injections. RESULTS No significant differences in injection pain scores were observed between the Wand and traditional plastic injector. Higher levels of pre-injection anxiety were found to be related to more severe pain reports by the children. CONCLUSIONS Anxiety plays an important role in the pain reaction of children, and was found to be more determinative in pain perception than the injection devices preferred.

Association between dental-oral health in young adults and salivary glutathione, lipid peroxidation and sialic acid levels and carbonic anhydrase activity

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between salivary oxidative stress and dental-oral health. Healthy young adults, matched for gender and age, with (N = 21, 10 men, mean age: 20.3 +/- 1 years) and without (N = 16, 8 men, mean age: 21.2 +/- 1.8 years) caries were included in this study. The World Health Organization (WHO) caries diagnostic criteria were used for determining the decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index. The oral hygiene and gingival status were assessed using the simplified oral hygiene index and gingival index, respectively. Unstimulated salivary total protein, glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation and total sialic acid levels, carbonic anhydrase activity, and salivary buffering capacity were determined by standard methods. Furthermore, salivary pH was measured with pH paper and salivary flow rate was calculated. Simplified oral hygiene index and gingival index were not significantly different between groups but DMFT scores were significant (P < 0.01). Only, GSH values were significantly different (P < 0.05) between groups (2.2 and 1.6 mg/g protein in young adults without caries and with caries, respectively). There was a significant negative correlation between DMFT and GSH (r = -0.391; P < 0.05; Pearsons correlation coefficient). Our results suggest that there is an association between caries history and salivary GSH levels.

Fluoride levels in various black tea, herbal and fruit infusions consumed in Turkey

The fluoride contents were determined by ion-selective electrode in 26 black tea samples originally produced in Turkey, Sri Lanka, India and Kenya, and in 14 herbal and seven fruit infusions originated from Turkey. Fluoride content in black tea infusions ranged from 0.57 to 3.72 mg/L after 5 min of brewing. Higher fluoride levels were found in black teas originated from Turkey when compared with teas originated from Sri Lanka. Moreover higher fluoride levels were determined in black tea bags compared with granular and stick-shaped black teas. However, herbal and fruit infusions were characterized by low values of fluoride (0.02-0.04 mg/L) after 5 min of brewing and increasing brewing time to 10 min caused only slight increases in some infusions. As a result, consuming tea infusions prepared from some black tea available in Turkish market, especially black tea bags, in large quantities may lead to exposion to a high amount of fluoride which may cause dental fluorosis. Although fruit and herbal infusions are safer to consume their fluoride contents are too low for caries prevention. In countries such as Turkey where tea is traditionally consumed, the fluoride concentration and daily safety precautions should be indicated on tea products.

Isolation and Characterization of Dental Pulp Stem Cells from a Patient with Papillon–Lefèvre Syndrome

INTRODUCTION Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by immune dysregulation because of a mutation in cathepsin c gene, resulting in hyperkeratosis of the palms, soles, elbows, and knees combined with premature loss of the primary and permanent dentitions. Periodontal tissue abnormalities in PLS patients were reported previously. However, less is known about dental pulp tissue derived cells of PLS patients. This study aimed to show stem cell potential of PLS dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and provide new evidence regarding the pathophysiology of the disease. METHODS DPSCs were characterized by using flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. They were also induced to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, odontogenic, and myogenic cells. RESULTS The results revealed that PLS DPSCs are stained positive for mesenchymal stem cells surface markers CD29, CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD166. PLS DPSCs were able to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, and odontogenic cell types properly. PLS DPSCs expressed embryonic stem cell markers Oct4, Sox2, cMYc, and Klf4 and showed similar proliferation rate compared with DPSCs isolated from healthy young controls. Interestingly, it was found that unlike the healthy DPSCs, PLS DPSCs are not able to form myotubes with correct morphology. CONCLUSIONS These data are being reported for the first time; therefore, they might provide new insights to the pathology of the disease. Our results suggest that the PLS DPSCs might be an autologous stem cell source for PLS patients for cellular therapy of alveolar bone defects and other dental tissue abnormalities observed in PLS.

Salivary lipid peroxidation and total sialic acid levels during healthy gestation and postpartum: A longitudinal study

OBJECTIVES This study investigated salivary lipid peroxidation (LPO) as an oxidative stress marker and salivary total sialic acid (TSA) as an inflammatory response during gestation and postpartum. DESIGN AND METHODS Salivary LPO and TSA levels, using the Ledwozyw and Warren methods respectively, were obtained in healthy pregnant women followed up during gestation and 6-8 weeks postpartum, and in healthy non-pregnant controls. All were with good oral health. RESULTS LPO was significantly higher than controls during all trimesters and postpartum and in the second trimester than in the third trimester and postpartum. TSA in the second trimester was significantly higher than in any other group. First trimester levels were significantly higher than postpartum . Oral health indices remained within normal levels for the duration. CONCLUSION The salivary LPO profile followed plasma gestation and postpartum profiles in the literature but the salivary TSA differed in that after the 2nd trimester, rather than persisting, it decreased.

The investigation of Helicobacter pylori in the dental biofilm and saliva samples of children with dyspeptic complaints

BackgroundThe oral cavity can be an extra-gastric reservoir for Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori). This can play a role in the pathogenesis of halitosis, glossitis, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, and dental caries. The present study was conducted to detect the presence of H.pylori within the dental biofilm and in saliva samples collected from children suffering from dyspepsia and children without any gastrointestinal complaints. Associations with gastric infection, halitosis, and some oral parameters were also evaluated.MethodsSeventy children (aged between 5–16) with dyspepsia were selected for the study group and control group composed of 30 healthy children without dyspepsia were also included in the study. After detailed oral and clinical examinations for oral parameters, saliva, and supragingival dental biofilm samples were collected for 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA genes detection by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The presence of gastric H.pylori was evaluated in endoscopic biopsy specimens histopathologically. Halitosis was evaluated by benzoyl-DL-arginine-naphthylamid (BANA) test. Salivary S.mutans and Lactobacilli sp. counts were also carried out by commercial kits.ResultsH.pylori was histopathologically detected amongst 83% of the children with the dyspeptic condition. The detection rate of this bacteria in dental biofilm and saliva samples and halitosis were found relatively higher in the dyspeptic children rather than the control group (p < 0.01). Halitosis was not significantly different between dyspeptic children and those detected with H.pylori (p > 0.05). In the gastric H.pylori positive group with dyspepsia, DMFT/S and dmft/s numbers and plaque indices were found higher than the control group (p < 0.01). Only plaque indices of gastric H.pylori negative group with dyspepsia were found higher than the control group (p < 0.01). S.mutans and Lactobacilli sp. counts were not significantly different between gastric H.pylori positive and negative groups (p > 0.05). Comparing to those with negative for both genes, in children whose dental biofilm and saliva samples were positive for both 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA genes, significantly higher results for halitosis, and DMFS numbers and significantly lower results for dmfs numbers and pH values were found (p < 0.01).ConclusionsHelicobacter pylori can occur in the oral cavity aside and independently from the stomach. However, the high number of bacteria in the oral cavities of children with gastric H.pylori, an association between the presence of H.pylori and halitosis, DMFS, and pH were found.

Çocuk Diş Hekimliğinde Fluorid Salınımı Yapan Güncel Restoratif Materyaller

Fluoride released from restorative materials decreases demineralization, increases remineralization, and inhibits secondary caries with its antibacterial effect. The use of fluoride-releasing dental materials in pediatric dentist ry has currently gained importance. Conventional glass ionomer cements (high-viscosity glass and cermet ionomer cements), resin-modified glass ionomer cements, nano-ionomer cements, compomers, glass carbomers, giomers and fluoride-containing composites are among the fluoride-re leasing dental materials. In this study, fluoride-releasing properties of re storative dental materials used in pediatric dentistry were reviewed with respect to the current literature.

Prevalence of black stain and dental caries in children attending a university pediatric dentistry clinic in Istanbul

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı İstanbul’da bir üniversite pedodonti kliniğine başvuran çocuklarda siyah dışsal renkleşme ve diş çürüğü prevalansının literatürdeki diğer ülkelerle karşılaştırılmasıdır. Yöntem: İstanbul ilinde yaşayan beş ila on üç yaş arasında diş tedavisi için Marmara Üniversitesi Pedodonti kliniğine başvuran; 325 (167 erkek, 158 kız) çocuktan oluşan çalışma grubunda siyah dışsal renkleşme varlığı ve diş çürüğü Dünya Sağlık Örgütü df-t/ DMF-T indeksiyle değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Siyah dışsal renkleşme 60 (27 erkek, 33 kız) çocukta, grubun %18.5’inde saptandı. Ortalama df-t ve DMF-T değerleri siyah dışsal renkleşmesi olan çocuklar (3.67± 3.25;1.39±1.68) ile siyah dışsal renkleşmesi olmayan çocuklar (4.29±3.48;1.79± 2) arasında fark göstermedi (p> 0.05). Siyah dışsal renkleşmesi olan ve olmayan çocukların sayısı DMF-T ve df-t değerlerine, cinsiyete, ebeveyn eğitim seviyesine ve diş fırçalama sıklığına göre fark göstermedi (p> 0.05). Sonuçlar: Ortalama df-t ve DMF-T değerleri, siyah dışsal renkleşmesi olan ve olmayan çocuklar arasında anlamlı fark göstermedi. Siyah dışsal renkleşme ile df-t ve DMF-T değerleri arasında anlamlı ilişki saptanmadı. Çalışmamıza dahil olan çocuklarda siyah dışsal renkleşme prevalansı literatürdeki Brezilya, İtalya, Almanya, İspanya, Polonya, Filipinler, Hindistan, Yunanistan ve Çin’deki çocuklardakinden daha yüksek, İsviçre ve Birleşik Krallık’taki çocuklardakinden daha düşük bulundu. Anahtar sözcükler: Siyah dışsal renkleşme, diş çürüğü, çocuklar ABS TRACT Prevalence of black stain and dental caries in children attending a university pediatric dentistry clinic in Istanbul

Clinical Findings of Children With Epidermolysis Bullosa: Case Reports of Three Siblings

Epidermolizis bulloza, (EB) deri ve mukozada travmaya karsi cevap olarak meydana gelen bul olusumuyla karakterize ailesel gecisli bir vezikulobulloz hastaliktir. EB hastalarinin dental tedavilerinde kullanilan aletlerin yumusak doku lezyonu olusturmasi riski yuksektir ve ozel onlem gerektirmektedir. Bu vaka raporunda, ebeveynleri akraba olan, EB’li uc kardesin klinik ve oral bulgulari sunuldu. Birinci vaka deri lezyonlari, mikrostomi, ankiloglossi ve kotu agiz hijyenine sahip 5 yasindaki bir kiz cocugu idi. Ikinci vaka olan 4 yasindaki kiz cocugunda sadece ayak tirnaginda deformite mevcuttu. Ucuncu vaka, deride cok sayida kabarcigi bulunan ankiloglossi ve kotu agiz sagligina sahip 2 yasindaki bir erkek cocuk idi. Bu cocuklarin agiz sagligi, oral hijyenin saglanmasi, koruyucu uygulamalar ve duzenli kontroller ile idame edildi.