Serap Balcı

Effects of balloon inflation and cough trick methods on easing pain in children during the drawing of venous blood samples: a randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE The purpose was to determine the effects of the balloon inflation and cough trick methods on easing pain in children during the drawing of venous blood samples. DESIGN AND METHODS In this prospective randomized controlled study, 9- to 12-year-old children in the intervention groups were asked to cough or inflate balloons during the venipuncture procedure. The Faces Pain Scale-Revised was used to assess pain intensity. RESULTS Pain intensity significantly differed between the control (n = 44) and intervention groups (balloon inflation [n = 44] and cough trick [n = 44], p < .001). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Coughing and inflating balloons during venipuncture do not require preparation and are time saving, easy, accessible, and effective in reducing pain.

The effect of training on noise reduction in neonatal intensive care units

PURPOSE Noise, an environmental stimulus, is especially important in the neurobehavioral development of newborns and brain development of infants at high risk. Conditions in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) may cause certain sensory stimuli that are not appropriate for the development of newborns, especially preterm infants. This study was conducted in order to determine noise levels in the NICU and to evaluate the effect of training provided for noise control. DESIGN AND METHODS This study was conducted as a pretest-posttest quasiexperimental design between September and November 2014 in a 30-bed NICU of a tertiary hospital in Istanbul. A sample group consisting of 30 people (26 nurses, 4 care workers). Noise measurement devices were used in the Training Program of Noise Control. RESULTS Of the health professionals, 96.7% were women, 86.7% were nurses, and 63.3% were university graduates. Some 36.7% of the health professionals had worked within the unit for more than 5 years. Noise measurements of full implementations were made over three 24-h periods. Noise measurements were taken before and after the training on Monday, Friday, and Sunday. Noise levels after training diminished in all three measurements, and the decrease was found statistically significant (P < 0.01). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Planned Noise Control Training for health professionals who work in NICUs is an effective way of reducing noise. We recommend that this training should be given to NICU health professionals and noise levels should be determined through measurements at specific times.

Turkish Validation of the Infiltration Scale in Infants

Purpose To test the validity and reliability of an infiltration scale in infants that was adapted for the pediatric population. Design and methods The present study is an observational prospective study. The study was conducted in a NICU of a training and research hospital in Istanbul. Data were obtained from131 infants who were <4 kg. Language validity of the scale was tested by expert linguists. The comments of fourteen experts were taken for content validity. For reliability testing, three observers independently evaluated the scale. Results Infiltration developed in 28.72% of infants who were examined and grade 2 infiltration was detected at rate of 58%. The content validity index of the scale was 0.93. The Cronbachs alpha was calculated as 0.96 in the agreement of the three observer nurses’ evaluations. A highly significant association was detected between the coherence of Cohens kappa values and Intra‐Class Correlation coefficient (ICC) (p < 0.01). Conclusions The infiltration scale is a valid and reliable scale in infants. The validity and reliability of the scale has been verified and may be used in the identification of infiltration in infant gestational age between 24 and 39 weeks and weighing <4 kg. Practice Implications The infiltration scale for infants is a valid and reliable tool for monitoring catheter sites in the prevention of complications such as infiltration due to PIV therapy practices in neonatal intensive care units. HighlightsHourly evaluation of the catheter insertion site in infant using a valid and reliable infiltration scale has great importance.The Infiltration Scale’s use in infants weighing less than four kilograms will help to identify infiltration.Treatment and care could be planned in accordance with infiltration severity, thus improving the quality of care.

Noise In The Neonatal Intensive Care Units

* M Çalıkuşu İncekar, Araş. Gör.; S Balcı, Yrd. Doç. Dr. İstanbul Üniversitesi Florence Nightingale Hemşirelik Fakültesi, İstanbul Yazışma Adresi / Address for Correspondence: Serap Balcı, Yrd. Doç. Dr. İstanbul Üniversitesi Florence Nightingale Hemşirelik Fakültesi Abide-i Hürriyet Cad. 34381 Şişli / İstanbul Tel.: 0 212 224 26 18 224 49 86 Faks: 0 212 224 49 90 e-posta: seraybalci@hotmail.com ÖZ

KOROZİF MADDE İÇEN 1-6 YAŞ GRUBU ÇOCUKLARIN ÖZELLİKLERİ VE AİLELERİN İLK UYGULAMALARI

Calisma, Istanbul’daki bir egitim ve arastirma hastanesine korozif madde icilmesi nedeniyle getirilen 1- 6 yas grubu cocuklarin ve ailelerinin ozellikleri ile ailelerin yaptigi ilk uygulamalari belirlemek amaciyla tanimlayici ve kesitsel bir tasarim olarak gerceklestirildi. Calisma evrenini, cocuk acil birimine Kasim 2008-Şubat 2009 tarihleri arasinda basvuran 1-6 yas grubu cocuklar ve aileleri olusturdu. Orneklem, ana yiginin kestirilmesinde orneklem buyuklugu formulu olan s=t2.p.q/d2 ile hesaplandi ve katilmaya gonullu olan 160 cocuk ve ailesi calisma grubuna alindi. Calismada literatur dogrultusunda hazirlanan soru formu kullanildi. Veriler yuzdelik dagilim, Fisher kesin ki-kare, Yates duzeltmeli ki-kare ile analiz edildi. Calisma sonucunda; cocuklarin %63.8’inin erkek, yas ortalamasinin 2.72±1.42 yil, anne ve babalarin cogunlukla ilkogretim mezunu oldugu belirlendi. Annelerin %63.1’inin temizlik maddelerini acikta veya alcak / acilabilir kapali dolapta sakladiklari saptandi. Cocuklarin en cok ictigi maddenin camasir suyu oldugu, ailelerin %63.8’inin korozif maddenin iciminden sonra cocuklara su, sut veya yogurt verdigi belirlendi. Anne egitim duzeyi arttikca temizlik maddelerinin kapali sekilde satin alinma ve uygun sekilde saklanma oraninin daha yuksek oldugu bulundu. Cocuk sagliginin gelistirilmesi ve korunmasinda onemli bir role sahip olan hemsireler, bu maddelerin uygun sekilde saklanmasi ve maddelerin icilmesi halinde yapilmasi gerekenler konusunda aileleri egitmelidir.