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Dive into the research topics where Sergio A. Castro is active.

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Featured researches published by Sergio A. Castro.


Journal of Herpetology | 1991

Diet of the Racerunner Callopistes palluma in North-Central Chile

Sergio A. Castro; Jaime E. Jiménez; Fabian M. Jaksic

The racerunner Callopistes palluma is the only member of the family Teiidae in Chile (Donoso-Barros, 1966; Valencia and Veloso, 1981). In two separate studies of ecological convergence of lizard faunas between Chile and California, C. palluma was considered the functional analog of the teiid Cnemidophorus tigris because of their similar morphologies and habitat uses (Sage, 1973; Fuentes, 1976). Their foraging behavior seems to be similar as well: Chilean racerunners are


PLOS ONE | 2014

Evaluating Darwin's naturalization hypothesis in experimental plant assemblages: phylogenetic relationships do not determine colonization success.

Sergio A. Castro; Víctor M. Escobedo; Jorge E. Aranda; Gastón O. Carvallo

Darwin’s naturalization hypothesis (DNH) proposes that colonization is less likely when the colonizing species is related to members of the invaded community, because evolutionary closeness intensifies competition among species that share similar resources. Studies that have evaluated DNH from correlational evidence have yielded controversial results with respect to its occurrence and generality. In the present study we carried out a set of manipulative experiments in which we controlled the phylogenetic relatedness of one colonizing species (Lactuca sativa) with five assemblages of plants (the recipient communities), and evaluated the colonizing success using five indicators (germination, growth, flowering, survival, and recruitment). The evolutionary relatedness was calculated as the mean phylogenetic distance between Lactuca and the members of each assemblage (MPD) and by the mean phylogenetic distance to the nearest neighbor (MNND). The results showed that the colonization success of Lactuca was not affected by MPD or MNND values, findings that do not support DNH. These results disagree with experimental studies made with communities of microorganisms, which show an inverse relation between colonization success and phylogenetic distances. We suggest that these discrepancies may be due to the high phylogenetic distance used, since in our experiments the colonizing species (Lactuca) was a distant relative of the assemblage members, while in the other studies the colonizing taxa have been related at the congeneric and conspecific levels. We suggest that under field conditions the phylogenetic distance is a weak predictor of competition, and it has a limited role in determining colonization success, contrary to prediction of the DNH. More experimental studies are needed to establish the importance of phylogenetic distance between colonizing species and invaded community on colonization success.


Gayana Botanica | 2016

Vascular flora in public spaces of Santiago, Chile

Javier A. Figueroa; Sebastián Teillier; Nicole Guerrero-Leiva; Cristian Ray-Bobadilla; Simoné Rivano; Diego Saavedra; Sergio A. Castro

Los resultados documentan la diversidad de plantas vasculares que se desarrollan en el espacio publico de Santiago en una investigacion que se prolongo por dos anos. Nosotros analizamos la composicion taxonomica, la forma de vida y el origen fitogeografico de la flora vascular y, finalmente, comparamos los resultados con aquellos de areas urbanas del Hemisferio Norte. Se reconocen 508 especies, 100 familias y 338 generos. Las familias que tienen mayor riqueza fueron Asteraceae y Poaceae. El 85,1% de las especies son exoticas. Las formas de vida estan similarmente representadas, aunque las camefitas y las geofitas estan muy poco representadas. Concluimos que la composicion de la flora urbana de Santiago se distingue de la mayoria de las ciudades del Hemisferio Norte por el mayor numero de especies exoticas, que es probablemente una consecuencia de los patrones historicos y culturales de ornamentacion, al tiempo que los espacios urbanos parecen representar un ambiente adverso para el establecimiento y desarrollo de especies nativas.


Historia | 2008

EL CONEJO EUROPEO EN CHILE: HISTORIA DE UNA INVASIÓN BIOLÓGICA

Pablo Camus; Sergio A. Castro; Fabian M. Jaksic

Este trabajo analiza las relaciones entre los seres humanos y su ambiente, a partir de la historia de la aclimatacion y posterior invasion de conejos en Chile, constatando que, en el largo plazo, las acciones humanas tienen efectos e impactos insospechados sobre el medio natural. En efecto, si bien inicialmente los conejos fueron vistos como una oportunidad de desarrollo economico a partir del aprovechamiento de su piel y su carne, pronto esta especie se convirtio en una plaga dificil de controlar en diversas regiones del pais, como Chile central, Tierra del Fuego e islas Juan Fernandez. Asi, con el paso del tiempo, el conejo se ha terminado por transformar en nuestro pais en un verdadero “convidado de piedra”.


Revista Chilena de Historia Natural | 2011

Fire regimen and spread of plants naturalized in central Chile

Tomás E Contreras; Javier A Figueroa; Luis Abarca; Sergio A. Castro

Los incendios son una antigua practica del uso del suelo en la region mediterranea de Chile central. Actualmente en esta region, los incendios son principalmente de origen humano y los antecedentes publicados permiten sugerir que su regimen esta asociado a la expansion de especies exoticas naturalizadas. Las investigaciones sobre el efecto de los incendios sobre la vegetacion mediterranea tanto nativa como exotica en Chile central ha incrementado notablemente durante los ultimos anos. El objetivo de nuestra revision fue resaltar los nuevos conocimientos en esta area de la investigacion durante los ultimos 30 anos y contribuir a una sistematizacion y a un modelo conceptual explicito que incorpore los efectos del regimen de incendios en la expansion de plantas exoticas y en los mecanismos involucrados. Para ello se describe el regimen de incendios que actualmente se presenta en una region de Chile central y se realiza una exploracion de la literatura para conocer principalmente los atributos de la germinacion de las semillas sensibles a incendio que se encuentran en especies exoticas que estan naturalizadas abundantemente en Chile central. De acuerdo a los estudios abordados, se han descrito diversos mecanismos que involucran el efecto de los incendios sobre la expansion de plantas exoticas en Chile central. Rasgos de historia de vida, tolerancia, facilitacion y retroalimentacion positiva entre plantas exoticas y frecuencia de incendios son los mecanismos que han sido documentados en la literatura. Finalmente, proponemos un modelo conceptual que representa la dispersion de especies exoticas asistida por los seres humanos y la expansion de especies naturalizadas por el efecto de los regimenes de incendios, que ayuda a explicar la composicion y estructura del matorral de Chile central en un estado inicial de la sucesion.


Revista Chilena de Historia Natural | 2010

Ecología y biodiversidad de vertebrados de Chile: Análisis comentado de la Zoología de Claude Gay

Fabian M. Jaksic; Sergio A. Castro

A partir de la revision de la seccion zoologica de la Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile elaborada por Claude Gay, analizamos su contribucion al conocimiento de los vertebrados chilenos. Esta seccion incluyo la descripcion de 483 especies distribuidas en 68 mamiferos, 259 aves, 31 reptiles, 16 anfibios y 109 peces; de ellas, 50 especies fueron descritas por primera vez para la ciencia, pero los analisis taxonomicos posteriores sinonimizaron cerca del 58 % de ellas, quedando como validas solo 21 especies. Este valor implica que el 1.1 % de la fauna de vertebrados de Chile actualmente conocida (unas 1900 especies) fue descrita por primera vez en dicha obra monumental.


Gayana Botanica | 2015

Patrones composicionales de hierbas ruderales en Santiago, Chile

Elsa Gärtner; Gloria Rojas; Sergio A. Castro

La expansion de los centros urbanos tiene como consecuencia la fragmentacion de los ambientes naturales y el consecuente impacto en la biodiversidad de la flora nativa que caracteriza a una region. El presente estudio se enfoco en la caracterizacion de la diversidad, composicion y distribucion de especies ruderales nativas e introducidas presentes en diferentes comunas de Santiago de Chile. Se encontro que los ensambles de especies ruderales estan dominados por la presencia de especies introducidas (69 taxa), cuya distribucion original corresponde a la Cuenca Mediterranea (46 taxa), con una baja representacion de especies nativas (14 taxa). Los resultados indican ademas que la distribucion espacial de malezas en la ciudad de Santiago no es aleatoria, pues dos conglomerados fueron encontrados en funcion de los patrones de similitud composicional. Las causas de este fenomeno deben ser investigadas, pero probablemente obedecen a un complejo de factores entre los que se pueden mencionar el modo de uso de suelo, y/o programas de ornamentacion del paisaje urbano.


Gayana Botanica | 2014

Dos haplotipos de Capsella bursa-pastoris en Chile continental soportan multiple introducción

Sergio A. Castro; Christian Espinosa; Javier A. Figueroa

La bolsita de pastor (Capsella bursa-pastoris, Brassicaceae) es una maleza de distribucion global. En Chile, esta especie fue introducida tempranamente durante la colonizacion espanola, sin embargo, estudios previos basados en aloenzimas y fragmentos RAPD indican que las poblaciones del extremo sur de Chile estarian emparentadas con poblaciones provenientes de Inglaterra. En el presente estudio se analizo la variacion geografica de tres secuencias de cpSSR pertenecientes a 286 individuos de C. bursa-pastoris (ATCP46615, ATCP66701 y ATCP31017). Se recolectaron plantas de 14 poblaciones distribuidas en un amplio gradiente latitudinal en Chile continental. Solo uno de los marcadores mostro variacion (ATCP31017), lo que muestra la presencia de dos haplotipos de C. bursa-pastoris en el territorio. La distribucion geografica de estos haplotipos apoya la hipotesis que plantea que C. bursa-pastoris en Chile continental fue introducida al menos en dos oportunidades.


Revista Chilena de Historia Natural | 2018

A citizen-based platform reveals the distribution of functional groups inside a large city from the Southern Hemisphere: e-Bird and the urban birds of Santiago (Central Chile)

Pablo Gutiérrez-Tapia; M. Ignacio Azócar; Sergio A. Castro

BackgroundCurrent knowledge of urban bird ecology and biodiversity relies on evidence from cities of the Northern Hemisphere, while the Southern Hemisphere is underrepresented. Santiago is a large city from South America, located in central Chile, which is both a biodiversity hotspot and an Endemic Bird Area. This work is a synthesis, which aims to provide a diversity account for Santiago, and to describe the broad geographic distribution and bird functional patterns.MethodsWe synthesized a seven-year (2009–2016) bird register from the eBird database (21,865 georeferenced registers at Santiago) into a single avifaunal account, along with the observed number of individuals. We complemented these registers by using available literature about Santiago’s avifauna (28 references). We investigated the proportion of native/exotic, migrants/residents, conservation categories, and urban nesting status. We classified Santiago’s birds into seven trophic guilds. We plotted species richness and number of individuals for each functional group, by interpolating trough the Inverse Distance Weighted Method.ResultsWe found that Santiago’s avifauna (46 species) is composed mainly by native (41), resident (38), non-threatened species (46) that breed inside the city (31). Some functional groups inhabit a large portion of Santiago’s urban surface, reaching high values of richness and abundance. Among these groups are the native, urban-nesters and resident species; even though exotics possess low species richness (5), they are abundant and inhabit the complete urban surface of the city.The dominant trophic guilds are omnivorous (11) and granivorous (10). Insectivorous are the third most abundant trophic guild, and show the highest species richness (13).ConclusionThe functional groups with lower species richness are less abundant and display reduced and patchy distributions in Santiago. This is probably because of the low availability of suitable habitats and/or restricted food supply (migrants, carnivorous, nectarivorous, frugivorous, herbivorous and piscivorous). The high insectivorous richness reported in Santiago, along with similar patterns reported in several cities in the Neotropics, provides evidence to postulate a pattern of high species richness of this guild in cities across this biogeographic realm.


PLOS ONE | 2017

Invasions but not extinctions change phylogenetic diversity of angiosperm assemblage on southeastern Pacific Oceanic islands

Gastón O. Carvallo; Sergio A. Castro

We assessed changes in phylogenetic diversity of angiosperm flora on six oceanic islands located in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, by comparing flora from two periods: the pre-European colonization of islands and current times. We hypothesize that, in the time between these periods, extinction of local plant species and addition of exotic plants modified phylogenetic-α-diversity at different levels (deeper and terminal phylogeny) and increased phylo-β-diversity among islands. Based on floristic studies, we assembled a phylogenetic tree from occurrence data that includes 921 species, of which 165 and 756 were native or exotic in origin, respectively. Then, we studied change in the phylo-α-diversity and phylo-β-diversity (1 –Phylosor) by comparing pre-European and current times. Despite extinction of 18 native angiosperm species, an increase in species richness and phylo-α-diversity was observed for all islands studied, attributed to introduction of exotic plants (between 6 to 477 species per island). We did not observe significant variation of mean phylogenetic distance (MPD), a measure of the ‘deeper’ phylogenetic diversity of assemblages (e.g., orders, families), suggesting that neither extinctions nor introductions altered phylogenetic structure of the angiosperms of these islands. In regard to phylo-β-diversity, we detected temporal turnover (variation in phylogenetic composition) between periods to flora (0.38 ± 0.11). However, when analyses were performed only considering native plants, we did not observe significant temporal turnover between periods (0.07 ± 0.06). These results indicate that introduction of exotic angiosperms has contributed more notably than extinctions to the configuration of plant assemblages and phylogenetic diversity on the studied islands. Because phylogenetic diversity is closely related to functional diversity (species trait variations and roles performed by organisms), our results suggests that the introduction of exotic plants to these islands could have detrimental impacts for ecosystem functions and ecosystem services that islands provide (e.g. productivity).

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Javier A. Figueroa

Pontifical Catholic University of Chile

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Fabian M. Jaksic

Pontifical Catholic University of Chile

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Pablo Camus

Pontifical Catholic University of Chile

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Fabian M. Jaksic

Pontifical Catholic University of Chile

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Daniela Guzman

Pontifical Catholic University of Chile

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Ernesto I. Badano

Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica

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Luís Silva

University of the Azores

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