Sérgio Augusto de Albuquerque Fernandes

Perfil tecnológico de sistemas de produção de leite resfriado

This study aimed to characterize the dairy producers in Territory of Itapetinga region using a semi-structured questionnaire. Seventeen dairy producers were interviewed and stratified into: small (up to 50kg milk/day), medium (51 to 200kg of milk/day) and large (more than 200kg of milk/day). The data analysis was performed using one-dimensional analysis and nonparametric analysis. Small producers have not been identified. Of all dairy producers interviewed, 17.6% were characterized as medium and 82.4% as large dairy producers. The average time in dairy activity was 22 years to medium dairy producers and 20 years to large dairy producers. The herd genetic composition was crossbreed Zebu x Taurus. The average milk production was 1260kg/milk/lactation to medium dairy producers and 1594kg/milk/lactation to large dairy producers. The lactation period was 274 days to both strata. The age at first calving ranged from 25 to 28 months, respectively, to large or medium dairy producers. The calving interval was 406 days to medium dairy producers and 480 days to large producers. All interviewed dairy producers vaccine their herds against foot and mouth disease. Only one dairy producer realizes the tuberculin´s test. The production systems evaluated showed low use of technologies and require a strategic management to improve animal production.

Desenvolvimento de bebida láctea sabor morango utilizando diferentes níveis de iogurte e soro lácteo obtidos com leite de búfala

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar as caracteristicas fisico-quimicas, sensoriais e microbiologicas de bebidas lacteas elaboradas com leite de bufala e diferentes niveis de iogurte e soro lacteo. Foram desenvolvidas cinco formulacoes a base de leite de bufala, soro de queijo tipo frescal e iogurte. Os tratamentos foram: T1=10% leite, 10% soro e 80% iogurte; T2=10% leite, 20% soro e 70% iogurte; T3=10% leite, 30% soro e 60% iogurte; T4=10% leite, 40% soro e 50% iogurte; e T5=10% leite, 50% soro e 40% iogurte. Para o leite e soro, foram determinadas acidez titulavel (°D), densidade a 15°C, gordura, EST e ESD. As bebidas lacteas foram avaliadas quanto aos parâmetros: pH, acidez titulavel, gordura, proteina, viscosidade, cor (CIEL*a*b*), teste de aceitacao sensorial com escala hedonica de cinco pontos, ordenacao da preferencia, enumeracao de coliformes a 35 e 45°C e contagem de microrganismos mesofilos aerobios. Os resultados obtidos, submetidos ao teste de ANOVA e teste de medias com nivel de significância a 5%, revelaram que os niveis de soro influenciaram os valores de pH, acidez, gordura, proteina, viscosidade e L* das bebidas lacteas, enquanto as coordenadas de cromaticidade a* e b* nao sofreram influencia. As formulacoes com 10 e 20% de soro foram as mais aceitas no teste de aceitacao sensorial, bem como na preferencia pelos julgadores.

Total Fatty Acids in Murrah Buffaloes Milk on Commercial Farms in Brazil

Abstract The objective of this trial was to document the total fatty acids in Murrah buffaloes milk on commercial farms in Brazil. Data from forty lactating Murrah-crossbred buffaloes were collected on five commercial farms located at Sarapui and Pilar do Sul, Sao Paulo-Brazil. A field survey was done from April to November 2002. In four farms, buffaloes were fed with wet brewers grains (primary concentrate). Only one farm (Farm 4) offered pasture and corn silage. Monthly milk samples were collected and stored at -20ºC until analyzed for fatty acid composition. The fatty acids with the highest percentage in total milk fat were C16:0; C18:1c9; C18:0 and C14:0. The average content observed in C16:0 varied from 25.4 to 32.5%. Farm 4 (pasture plus corn silage) showed a higher C16:0 value (32.5%). C18:1c9 varied from 20.6 to 25.1%, C14:0 varied from 5.9 to 8.9 % and CLA content (C18:2c9t11) varied from 1.0 to 1.8%. Farm 3 presented higher average of C18:1c9 (25.1%) and C18:2c9t11 (1.8%), and lower average of C14:0 (6.0%). Likewise, unsaturated fatty acids, C18:1c9 and C18:2c9t11 were higher on Farm 3. Probably, these results can be due to high CLA intakes derived from wet brewers grain and pasture. Long chain fatty acids varied from 34.2% (Farm 4) to 48.8% (Farm 3). In general, diets based on pasture and corn silage increased the levels of medium chain fatty acids in Murrah buffaloes milk.

Activity of Δ9-desaturase enzyme in mammary gland of lactating buffaloes

Abstract The objective of this research was to measure the activity of ∆9-desaturase enzyme in lactating buffaloes. Data from forty lactating Murrah-crossbred buffaloes were collected on five commercial farms located at Sarapui and Pilar do Sul, Sao Paulo-Brazil. A field survey was done from April to November 2002. In four farms, buffaloes were fed with wet brewers grains (primary concentrate). Only one farm (Farm 4) offered pasture and corn silage. Monthly milk samples were collected and stored at -20ºC until analyzed for fatty acid composition. The ∆9-desaturase activity was measured using an indirect method (myristoleic and myristic acids ration - C14:1c9 /C14:0). The higher C14:1c9 /C14:0 rate was verified on Farm 4 (0.092).The C14:1c9 /C14:0 ratio were 0.064 to Farm 1; 0.065 to Farm 2; 0.062 to Farm 3 and 0.065 to Farm 5. The C17:1/C17:0, C18:1c9 /C18:0 and C18:2c9t11/C18:1t11 ratios were also affected. The Farm 4 showed higher value for all ratios. Therefore, in lactating buffaloes grazing pasture the ∆9-desaturase activity could be enhanced.

Electronic Monitoring of Behavioral Patterns of Dairy Cows in a Cooling Freestall

The thermal environment is a major factor that can negatively affect milk production. Several researchers have shown that housing systems in hot climates can be modified with the use of evaporative cooling to improve milk production, reproductive efficiency and well-being of dairy cows. This work aimed to use electronic monitoring for evaluating behavior patterns of lactating cows in a cooling freestall. Four video cameras were strategically installed in each treatment for capturing in real time images of animal displacements. The images were daily recorded from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. during 7 days. Fifteen multiparous lactating cows producing 20 kg of milk per day were used. The tested treatments were: non-fan (NF), fan (F) and fan plus misting (FM) in direction to animal bedding. Dry bulb temperature (DBT) and air relative humidity (RH) inside and outside of the facility were measured through a period of 24 hours using a data logger. No difference (P>0.05) were found among DBT. Means of 26.6; 26.8 and 26.6oC were found for treatments non-fan, fan and fan plus misting, respectively. The RH was higher in non-fan (61.8%) and fan plus misting (61.8%) treatments than in fan (60.3%) treatment. Also, the temperature and humidity index was higher in fan (75.0) treatment than in non-fan (74.5) and fan plus misting (74.3) treatments. In the treatment with fan, animals spent more time in the feeding area (108.3 min) than those of non-fan (60.7 min) and fan plus misting (72.5 min) treatments. Fan treatment cows spent more time (19.3 min) in waterers in relation to non-fan (8.3 min). Different patterns were observed in the cow’s preference relative to resting area. The resting areas include the bedding adjacent to feeding area and bedding adjacent to waterers. Cows of non-fan (189.0 min) and fan (167.3 min) spent more time lying in the bedding adjacent to feeding area. However, the cows of treatment fan plus misting (164.0 min of total) spent more time lying in the bedding adjacent to waterers in relation fan (26.7 min). The cows of fan plus misting treatment also spent more time (35.0 min) standing in passage area (waterers) than of non-fan and fan (10.0 min). In the current experiment, the results indicate difference in freestall occupancy. The cow’s preference was always related to availability of cooling system.