Sérgio Rodrigues Moreira

The higher exercise intensity and the presence of allele I of ACE gene elicit a higher post-exercise blood pressure reduction and nitric oxide release in elderly women: an experimental study

BackgroundThe absence of the I allele of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been associated with higher levels of circulating ACE, lower nitric oxide (NO) release and hypertension. The purposes of this study were to analyze the post-exercise salivary nitrite (NO2-) and blood pressure (BP) responses to different exercise intensities in elderly women divided according to their ACE genotype.MethodsParticipants (n = 30; II/ID = 20 and DD = 10) underwent three experimental sessions: incremental test - IT (15 watts workload increase/3 min) until exhaustion; 20 min exercise 90% anaerobic threshold (90% AT); and 20 min control session without exercise. Volunteers had their BP and NO2- measured before and after experimental sessions.ResultsDespite both intensities showed protective effect on preventing the increase of BP during post-exercise recovery compared to control, post-exercise hypotension and increased NO2- release was observed only for carriers of the I allele (p < 0.05).ConclusionGenotypes of the ACE gene may exert a role in post-exercise NO release and BP response.

Lactate Threshold Prediction by Blood Glucose and Rating of Perceived Exertion in People with Type 2 Diabetes

The validity of rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in predicting lactate threshold during an incremental test was analyzed in 15 men with type 2 diabetes (M age = 53.4 yr., SD = 12.9). Blood glucose, lactate, and minute ventilation (VE)/VO2 responses identified the lactate, ventilatory, and glucose thresholds. Workloads (W) corresponding to RPEs 12, 13, 14, and 15 were determined. Second-order polynomials fit to VE/W and [lac]/W ratios corresponding to RPEs of 9–10, 12–13, and 16–17 also identified workloads above which there was an overproportional increase in VE and [lac]. These workload breakpoints did not differ, although at RPE 12 underestimated and at RPE 15 overestimated lactate threshold. RPE 13 and 14 and the responses of VE/W and [lac]/W to submaximal exercise accurately predicted lactate threshold.

Combined exercise circuit session acutely attenuates stress-induced blood pressure reactivity in healthy adults

Objective To investigate the blood pressure (BP) responses to cardiovascular stress test after a combined exercise circuit session at moderate intensity. Method Twenty individuals (10 male/10 fem; 33.4± 6.9 years; 70.2± 15.8 kg; 170.4± 11.5 cm; 22.3± 6.8% body fat) were randomized in a different days to control session with no exercise or exercise session consisting of 3 laps of the following circuit: knee extension, bench press, knee flexion, rowing in the prone position, squats, shoulder press, and 5 min of aerobic exercise at 75-85% of age-predicted maximum heart rate and/or 13 on the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion [scale of 6 to 20]. The sets of resistance exercise consisted of 15 repetitions at ~50% of the estimated 1 repetition maximum test. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured at rest and during 1h of recovery in both experimental sessions. After that, blood pressure reactivity (BPR) was evaluated using the Cold Pressor Test. Results During 1h of exercise recovery, there was a reduction in SBP (3-6 mmHg) and DBP (2-5 mmHg) in relation to pre-session rest (p<0.01), while this reduction was not observed in the control session. A decline in BPR (4-7 mmHg; p<0.01) was observed 1h post-exercise session, but not in the control session. Post-exercise reductions in SBP and DBP were significantly correlated with BPR reductions (r=0.50-0.45; p<0.05). Conclusion A combined exercise circuit session at moderate intensity promoted subsequent post-exercise hypotension and acutely attenuated BPR in response to a cardiovascular stress test. In addition, the post-exercise BP reduction was correlated with BPR attenuation in healthy adults of both genders.

O VOLUME DE EXERCÍCIOS RESISTIDOS INFLUENCIA A REATIVIDADE DA PRESSÃO ARTERIAL AO ESTRESSE

Introducao A hiper-reatividade da pressao arterial (PA) ao estresse pode estar associada ao desenvolvimento da hipertensao arterial. Porem a realizacao previa de exercicios fisicos tem se mostrado eficaz em atenuar esta elevacao da PA ao estresse subsequente. Objetivo Verificar o efeito do volume da sessao de exercicios resistidos (ER) sobre a reatividade da PA (RV) ao estresse induzido. Metodos Quarenta adultos jovens normotensos foram submetidos a tres sessoes experimentais em ordem randomizada: Sessao com 2 series de ER (S2); Sessao com 4 series de ER (S4); e Sessao controle sem exercicios (SC). S2 e S4 foram realizadas a 70% de uma repeticao maxima e compostas por seis exercicios com 10 repeticoes cada (intervalo de 90s entre series). Aos 10 minutos de recuperacao das sessoes experimentais, os voluntarios foram submetidos ao Cold Pressor Test (CPT), que e um protocolo de estresse no qual a mao direita e submergida em agua gelada (4 a 5o C) durante 1 minuto para determinar a RV. A PA sistolica (PAS), diastolica (PAD), media (PAM) e frequencia cardiaca (FC) foram mensuradas no repouso pre-sessoes experimentais (20 minutos) e imediatamente apos o CPT. Resultados Em resposta ao estresse induzido pelo CPT a FC nao diferenciou apos sessoes experimentais (SC: 98±9 vs. S2: 107±12 vs. S4: 113±13 bpm; P>0,05). Entretanto, apos a sessao de ER de maior volume, ocorreu atenuacao da RV na PAS (SC: 145±18 vs. S2: 142±16 vs. S4: 133±15 mmHg; P<0,05), PAD (SC: 96±13 vs. S2: 90±14 vs. S4: 86±12 mmHg; P<0,05) e PAM (SC: 89±10 vs. S2: 91 ± 5 vs. S4: 91±4 mmHg; P<0,05). Conclusao O maior volume (4 series vs. 2 series) na sessao de ER resultou em atenuacao da reatividade da PA frente ao estresse induzido.

Semester and shift of study are associated with waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and body mass index in Brazilian college students

The present study aimed to compare body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHr) in college students of different shifts and semesters. To do so, 208 college students (96 women and 112 men) had their body mass, stature, and WC measured in order to calculate BMI and WHr. The volunteers also answered a questionnaire related to which shift of study and semester they attended. The students who studied at night, when compared to the ones that attended day classes, showed higher BMI, WC, and WHr. Students at the end of college had higher BMI and WHr when compared to students beginning college and had higher WC than those in beginning and in the middle of college. The present studys results suggest that students studying in night shift and closer to finishing college present higher BMI, WC, and WHr when compared with those studying during day time and in the initial semesters of college. Possible factors that support our findings involve the decrease in physical activity due to lack of leisure time, appropriate facilities, and motivation to exercise, and changes in feeding habits and the accumulation of work and study hours.

Agregação de fatores de risco cardiovascular e ocorrência de hipertensão arterial em adultos sedentários

OBJETIVO: Analizar, en una muestra grande de adultos sedentarios, la posible vinculacion entre hipertension arterial y reduccion de aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, con mas obesidad general y central. METODOS: La muestra se compuso de 1.092 adultos sedentarios brasilenos (429 hombres y 663 mujeres). La presion arterial fue evaluada y la hipertension arterial fue diagnosticada. Tres factores de riesgo cardiovascular fueron considerados: obesidad general (indice de masa corporal), obesidad central (circunferencia de la cintura) y baja aptitud cardiorrespiratoria (prueba submaxima de ergometria en bicicleta). RESULTADOS: La tasa de hipertension arterial fue 9,3% (IC95% = 7,6 - 11,2). Hubo asociacion entre la prevalencia mas alta de hipertension arterial y el diagnostico de obesidad (p = 0,001), valores altos de circunferencia de cintura (p = 0,001) y bajo VO2max (p = 0,013). Independientemente de edad y sexo, los individuos sedentarios con, simultaneamente, baja aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, y obesidad general (RP = 5,21 [IC95% = 8,94 - 3,03]; p = 0,001) y central (RP = 4,05 [IC95% = 2,22 - 7,40]; p = 0,001) presentaron mas probabilidades de ser hipertensos que los sedentarios con ningun factor de riesgo cardiovascular. CONCLUSION: En adultos sedentarios, sin considerar sexo ni edad, la presencia de baja aptitud cardiorrespiratoria esta vinculada a la hipertension arterial solamente cuando hay adiposidad general o central, indicando que la interaccion de estas variables tiene peso relevante en la genesis de la enfermedad.

Anthropometric and functional profiles of elite athletes from different categories at ABADÁ Capoeira World Championship

This study aimed to characterize the anthropometric and functional profiles of 50 male elite competitors at the 2017 Capoeira World Championship organized by ABADÁ Capoeira School in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The competitors were divided into different weight categories: lightweight (VIOLA, ≤76.9 kg; n = 15), intermediate weight (MEDIO, 77.0–85.9 kg; n = 25), and heavyweight (GUNGA, ≥86.0 kg; n = 10). Two evaluation batteries were performed: 1) anthropometry and somatotype determination and 2) functional performance on push-up, sit-up, and sit-and-reach tests; quadrant jump test (QJT); squat jump (SJ); and countermovement jump (CMJ). Results reveal that the mesomorphic component of the somatotype differed between the GUNGA subgroup and other groups (F[2,47] = 7.617; p = 0.001), while ectomorphy differed between the VIOLA and GUNGA subgroups (F[2,47] = 3.899; p = 0.027). The “endo-mesomorph” classification predominated in the three investigated categories. For functional performance, there was a difference in QJT between the VIOLA and GUNGA subgroups (F[2,47] = 4.299; p = 0.019). The endomorphism had a negative correlation (p < 0.01) with the performance in the sit-up (r = -0.51), push -up (r = -0.39), SJ (r = -0.45), and CMJ (r = -0.49). We concluded that at the international level, male elite competitors show predominance in the mesomorphic component of the somatotype. Furthermore, the endomorphic component correlated inversely with functional performance in trunk and upper limb resistance tests and lower limb explosive strength tests. These results can help coaches in targeting specific training programs for Capoeira athletes who aim for a high competitive level.

Eight weeks of Capoeira progressive training program increases flexibility of beginners

BackgroundNo study has investigated the alterations in the flexibility of beginners using an experimental protocol with basic techniques of Capoeira.PurposeTo analyze the effects of 8xa0weeks of Capoeira progressive training program on the flexibility of beginners.MethodsTwenty-one individuals divided in two groups (Capoeira: nxa0=xa013; 26.1xa0±xa07.2xa0years; 22.7xa0±xa02.7xa0kgxa0m2(−1) and control: nxa0=xa008; 27.1xa0±xa00.5xa0years; 24.3xa0±xa03.3xa0kgxa0m2(−1)) participated in the study. The Capoeira group performed 8xa0weeks of Capoeira progressive training program (two sessions per week lasting 60xa0min each). The experimental protocol used was exclusively based on the basic techniques of a programmed Capoeira training system. Before and after the intervention, measurements were performed aiming to analyze (1) trunk flexion flexibility through a sit-and-reach test using a Wells’ Bench (WBtf), (2) passive tension (PThf), and (3) maximum amplitude of hip flexion (MAhf) through goniometry.ResultsA two-way ANOVA revealed a main effect of group by time interaction to PThf (Fxa0=xa011.797; Pxa0=xa00.003; ηp2xa0=xa00.383) and MAhf (Fxa0=xa09.650; Pxa0=xa00.006; ηp2xa0=xa00.337). No significant main effect of group by time interaction occurred to WBtf (Fxa0=xa03.320; Pxa0=xa00.084; ηp2xa0=xa00.149). The relative changes (∆xa0%) before and after the intervention in both groups showed that the Capoeira group significantly differed to the control group in the PThf (Capoeira: 46.2xa0±xa029.9xa0% vs. control: 5.7xa0±xa027.6xa0%; Pxa0=xa00.003) and MAhf (Capoeira: 22.4xa0±xa024.5xa0% vs. control: −6.1xa0±xa013.1xa0%; Pxa0=xa00.006).ConclusionEight weeks of Capoeira progressive training program resulted in a significant improvement in angular flexibility for beginners.

Cluster of cardiovascular risk factors and occurrence of arterial hypertension in sedentary adults

OBJETIVO: Analizar, en una muestra grande de adultos sedentarios, la posible vinculacion entre hipertension arterial y reduccion de aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, con mas obesidad general y central. METODOS: La muestra se compuso de 1.092 adultos sedentarios brasilenos (429 hombres y 663 mujeres). La presion arterial fue evaluada y la hipertension arterial fue diagnosticada. Tres factores de riesgo cardiovascular fueron considerados: obesidad general (indice de masa corporal), obesidad central (circunferencia de la cintura) y baja aptitud cardiorrespiratoria (prueba submaxima de ergometria en bicicleta). RESULTADOS: La tasa de hipertension arterial fue 9,3% (IC95% = 7,6 - 11,2). Hubo asociacion entre la prevalencia mas alta de hipertension arterial y el diagnostico de obesidad (p = 0,001), valores altos de circunferencia de cintura (p = 0,001) y bajo VO2max (p = 0,013). Independientemente de edad y sexo, los individuos sedentarios con, simultaneamente, baja aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, y obesidad general (RP = 5,21 [IC95% = 8,94 - 3,03]; p = 0,001) y central (RP = 4,05 [IC95% = 2,22 - 7,40]; p = 0,001) presentaron mas probabilidades de ser hipertensos que los sedentarios con ningun factor de riesgo cardiovascular. CONCLUSION: En adultos sedentarios, sin considerar sexo ni edad, la presencia de baja aptitud cardiorrespiratoria esta vinculada a la hipertension arterial solamente cuando hay adiposidad general o central, indicando que la interaccion de estas variables tiene peso relevante en la genesis de la enfermedad.

Acumulación de factores de riesgo cardiovascular y ocurrencia de hipertensión arterial en adultos sedentarios

OBJETIVO: Analizar, en una muestra grande de adultos sedentarios, la posible vinculacion entre hipertension arterial y reduccion de aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, con mas obesidad general y central. METODOS: La muestra se compuso de 1.092 adultos sedentarios brasilenos (429 hombres y 663 mujeres). La presion arterial fue evaluada y la hipertension arterial fue diagnosticada. Tres factores de riesgo cardiovascular fueron considerados: obesidad general (indice de masa corporal), obesidad central (circunferencia de la cintura) y baja aptitud cardiorrespiratoria (prueba submaxima de ergometria en bicicleta). RESULTADOS: La tasa de hipertension arterial fue 9,3% (IC95% = 7,6 - 11,2). Hubo asociacion entre la prevalencia mas alta de hipertension arterial y el diagnostico de obesidad (p = 0,001), valores altos de circunferencia de cintura (p = 0,001) y bajo VO2max (p = 0,013). Independientemente de edad y sexo, los individuos sedentarios con, simultaneamente, baja aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, y obesidad general (RP = 5,21 [IC95% = 8,94 - 3,03]; p = 0,001) y central (RP = 4,05 [IC95% = 2,22 - 7,40]; p = 0,001) presentaron mas probabilidades de ser hipertensos que los sedentarios con ningun factor de riesgo cardiovascular. CONCLUSION: En adultos sedentarios, sin considerar sexo ni edad, la presencia de baja aptitud cardiorrespiratoria esta vinculada a la hipertension arterial solamente cuando hay adiposidad general o central, indicando que la interaccion de estas variables tiene peso relevante en la genesis de la enfermedad.