Servet Kesim

Effect of Low-Dose Doxycycline on Serum Oxidative Status, Gingival Antioxidant Levels, and Alveolar Bone Loss in Experimental Periodontitis in Rats

BACKGROUND Subantibiotic doses of doxycycline (low-dose doxycycline [LDD]) have been widely used in periodontal treatment for enzymatic inhibition and related anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the present study is to verify the possible effects of LDD on oxidative stress in relation to periodontal attachment loss associated with ligature-induced experimental periodontal disease in rats. METHODS Thirty female Wistar albino rats were divided into three study groups as follows: 1) control (C) rats; 2) rats with experimental periodontitis (PED); and 3) rats with PED that were treated with doxycycline (PED + LDD). PED was induced by placing ligatures around the cervix of the maxillary second molars for 21 days. The PED + LDD group was treated orally with doxycycline (6 mg/kg) for 21 days after the ligature was placed. After 21 days, the rats were euthanized, and samples of the right maxilla were defleshed and used for histologic and morphometric analyses. The gingival tissue of the left maxilla was used for the analysis of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]) and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase). Levels of serum total antioxidant status (TAS)/total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were also analyzed. RESULTS Alveolar bone loss was significantly higher in the PED group compared with the PED + LDD and C groups (P <0.05). Doxycycline exhibited the most prominent inhibition on gingival tissue levels of MDA and antioxidant enzymes (P <0.05). Doxycycline also significantly reduced TOS and OSI levels (P <0.05) but increased the TAS level. CONCLUSION Doxycycline helps to prevent periodontal tissue breakdown by inhibiting local and systemic oxidative stress.

Genetic background of supernumerary teeth.

Supernumerary teeth (ST) are odontostomatologic anomaly characterized by as the existence excessive number of teeth in relation to the normal dental formula. This condition is commonly seen with several congenital genetic disorders such as Gardner′s syndrome, cleidocranial dysostosis and cleft lip and palate. Less common syndromes that are associated with ST are; Fabry Disease, Ellis-van Creveld syndrome, Nance-Horan syndrome, Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome and Trico-Rhino-Phalangeal syndrome. ST can be an important component of a distinctive disorder and an important clue for early diagnosis. Certainly early detecting the abnormalities gives us to make correct management of the patient and also it is important for making well-informed decisions about long-term medical care and treatment. In this review, the genetic syndromes that are related with ST were discussed.

Oral Health, Obesity Status and Nutritional Habits in Turkish Children and Adolescents: An Epidemiological Study

BACKGROUND Studies evaluating the relationship between oral health status and obesity have provided conflicting data. Therefore, there is a great need to investigate and clarify the possible connection in a comprehensive sample. AIMS To assess the relationship of obesity and oral health status among children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years-old. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Data were obtained from 4,534 children and adolescents (2,018 boys and 2,516 girls). Questionnaires were sent home prior to examination; afterwards, anthropometric and dental data were collected from participants. Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth in the permanent dentition (DMFT), and deciduous dentition (dmft) index were used to measure oral health status. Height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and body fat percentage were analyzed. RESULTS For DMFT scores, healthy (score=0) girls and boys had significantly higher BMI and WC values than unhealthy (score>1) girls and boys (p<0.05). Healthy girls had higher fat percentage values than unhealthy girls (p<0.05). In terms of CPI scores, healthy boys had lower BMI and WC values than unhealthy boys (p<0.05). According to multiple binary logistic regression results for model 1, BMI predicted DMFT scores in both genders but CPI scores only in boys. No beverage consumption predicted DMFT scores in boys, while milk consumption predicted DMFT scores in girls. No meal skipping predicted CPI scores in boys. For model 2, WC predicted DMFT scores in both genders and CPI scores only in boys. Milk consumption predicted DMFT scores only in girls. No meal skipping predicted CPI scores for both gender (p<0.05). According to DMFT, there were significant differences between the frequencies of the BMI groups (normal weight, overweight and obese) at the age of 7 (girls only), 9, 10, and 16 (boys only) years and overall (only girls) (p<0.05). According to CPI, significant differences between the frequencies of the BMI groups at the age of 16 (boys only) and 17 (girls only) were seen (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Periodontal and dental status appears to correlate with nutritional habits and obesity. Obesity and dental/periodontal diseases are multifactorial diseases that follow similar risk patterns and develop from an interaction between chronic conditions originating early in life. It is important for all health professionals to educate patients at risk about the progression of periodontal and dental diseases and the importance of proper oral hygiene.

EFFECT OF GRAPE SEED EXTRACT UPON PLASMA OXIDATIVE STATUS AND ALVEOLAR BONE, IN LIGATURE INDUCED PERIODONTITIS

ABSTRACT In this study, we evaluated the effects of two different regimens of dietary supplementation with grape seed extract (GSE) based on serum total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and osteocalcin (OC) in experimental periodontitis. The investigation was performed at the Department of Animal Experimentation at Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey, from May 2011 to June 2011. Experimental periodontitis was induced by placing 5.0 silk sutures around the maxillary first molars. Twenty-seven adult male wistar rats were divided into four study groups as follows: Healthy control (HC; N = 7); Ligature only (LO; N = 6); Ligature-induced periodontitis plus GSE 50 mg/kg (GSE 50; N = 8); Ligature-induced periodontitis plus GSE 100 mg/kg (GSE 100; N = 6). GSE administration was performed for 14 days following induction of experimental periodontitis. On day 15, serum samples were obtained and rats were sacrificed. Serum samples were analyzed for TAS, TOS, OSI and OC. Defleshed jaws were analyzed morphometrically for alveolar bone loss. The results showed that placing 5.0 silk sutures around maxillary first molars resulted in statistically significant bone loss compared to the HC group (P < 0.05). None of the GSE administrated groups showed evidence that GSE was effective in preventing ligature-induced alveolar bone loss. The GSE 100 and GSE 50 groups had a significantly higher TAS compared to the HC group. No significant differences were seen in TOS, OSI and OC levels. As a whole, GSE administration does not seem to influence TAS, TOS and OC. The lack of a therapeutic benefit of GSE in this study is difficult to explain, and further studies are required to fully assess the potential role of GSE in periodontal treatment.

Effect of Smoking on Attachment of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells to Periodontally Involved Root Surfaces Following Enamel Matrix Derivative Application

ABSTRACT The most important aim in periodontal therapy is to regenerate the periodontal supporting tissue lost as a result of periodontitis. Several studies have demonstrated that tobacco use interferes with periodontal therapy and substantially reduces the possibility of favorable treatment outcomes. The present study was performed to determine the attachment of PDL cells to the diseased roots of a smoking patient compared to non-smoking controls with enamel matrix derivative (EMD) application. Teeth both from a patient smoking more than 20 cigarettes daily and from another non-smoking patient were extracted and PDL tissue biopsies were taken from these teeth. Fibroblasts were cultured. Each root surface was divided into six equal parts. Samples were treated with citric acid and EMD, embedded into cell culture flasks, and kept in the culture for 1 h, 3 h, 5 h and 3 days. Then, electron microscopy analysis was performed. In the smoking group, collagen fibers were spread parallel to the surface as in the nonsmoking group, but in one single direction rather than in different directions. It was observed that EMD application on smoking and non-smoking periodontally-diseased patients could affect the function of PDL cells and the potential of collagen production.

IN VITRO COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF DENTAL FILLING MATERIALS ON MOUSE FIBROBLASTS

ABSTRACT The choice of filling material is an important factor in the clinical success of root coverage. Therefore, the cytotoxicity of filling materials must be investigated to ensure a safe biological response. The aim of this study was to compare the response of L929 mouse fibroblasts to several glass ionomer cements (GICs), i.e. conventional GIC, resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and polyacid-modified resin composite (PMRC), using three different methods. 1) 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, 2) agar diffusion test, 3) scanning electron microscopy. The MTT test demonstrated that L929 fibroblast attachment to polyacid-modified resin composite filling material was excessive on day 1, but decreased on day 3 (P<0.05). When the cell proliferation percentages of all filling materials were compared with those of the control group (100%) on days 1 and 3, it was observed that statistically significant differences existed (P<0.05). Although resin-modified glass ionomer cement was determined to be slightly cytotoxic according to the results of agar diffusion tests, differences between the groups were not significant (P>0.05). In addition to our in vitro research results, chemical surface analysis techniques, measurement of the release of elements, physical surface characterization and analysis of microstructure and porosity can provide a better understanding of the biological response to filling materials.