Seung-Min Song

The Effects of Maternal Grandmothers` Positive Parenting Behavior, Mothers` Emotion Regulation and Positive Parenting Behavior on Children`s Emotion Regulation

This study examined the effects of maternal grandmothers’ positive parenting behavior, mothers’ emotion regulation, and positive parenting behavior on children’s emotion regulation. A total of 348 mothers of fourth and fifth graders responded to questionnaires, which included items related to their mothers’ positive parenting behavior, their own emotion regulation and positive parenting behavior, and their children’s emotion regulation. The data were analyzed by means of correlations and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). First, maternal grandmothers’ positive parenting behavior significantly Korean J. of Child Studies Vol. 35, No. 2, 117-136, April 2014 DOI:dx.org/10.5723/KJCS.2014.35.2.117 www.childkorea.or.kr pISSN1226-1688 eISSN2234-408X 2 Korean J. of Child Studies Vol. 35, No. 2, 2014 118 affected mothers’ emotion regulation, but mothers’ emotion regulation did not directly affect their children’s emotion regulation. Second, maternal grandmothers’ positive parenting behavior had an effect on mothers’ positive parenting behavior, which led to a high level of their children’s emotion regulation. Lastly, maternal grandmothers’ positive parenting behavior indirectly influenced children’s emotion regulation through mothers’ emotion regulation and positive parenting behavior. This study emphasizes the intergenerational transmission of positive parenting, as well as a crucial influence of mothers’ positive parenting behavior on children’s emotion regulation.

A Qualitative Study to the Mother’s Role Experiences during Their Child’s Transition from Early Childhood to Middle Childhood

The purpose of this study was to conduct a qualitative analysis of mothers` role experiences during their children`s transition from early childhood to middle childhood. Eleven mothers of first-grade elementary school students participated in a group meeting, group interviews and journal writing. The results indicated that mothers described their experiences as a critical first step outwards on the journey to independence. The role experiences of the mothers who participated in this study can be seen from three perspectives: Firstly, as mothers as individuals projecting a mother`s worries onto their child and becoming a capable person to help their children adjust to a new school environment, secondly, as mothers as family members experiencing a more authoritarian parenting style and difficulties of co-parenting with their husbands and parents-in-law, and lastly, as mothers as members of the extended family systems experiencing communication difficulties regarding the public education system and feeling uncomfortable with other parents. The findings may be used to develop support programs as well as a channel for interacting with public education bodies and community agencies.

The Effectiveness of the Respected Parents & Respected Children Parent Education Program for Mothers of Early School-age Children

The present study employed a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design model in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the Respected Parents & Respected Children (RPRC) parent education program for mothers of early school-age children. Ninety mothers were randomly assigned to an intervention (n =45) group or a control group (n = 45). Mothers in the intervention group participated in 8 weekly sessions of the parent education program. After the termination of the program, the differences between pretest and posttest were analyzed in terms of both maternal parenting characteristics (i.e., parenting behavior, parenting efficacy, parenting stress, and co-parenting) and childrens social competence. The results indicated that only in the intervention group, self-reported positive parenting characteristics were significantly improved and negative parenting characteristics were significantly decreased. There were no significant effects of the program on children’s social competence as rated by the mothers. These findings suggest that the RPRC parent education program is effective in changing parenting characteristics known as crucial predictors of child outcomes. Korean J. of Child Studies Vol. 36, No. 3, 35-57, June 2015 DOI:dx.doi.org/10.5723/KJCS.2015.36.3.35 www.childkorea.or.kr pISSN1226-1688 eISSN2234-408X 2 Korean J. of Child Studies Vol. 36, No. 3, 2015 36

The Mediating Effects of Maternal Control Strategies on the Relationship between Preschoolers` Temperament and Compliance/Noncompliance

The main purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of maternal control strategies on the relationship between preschoolers` temperament and compliance/noncompliance. A total of 125 mothers with preschoolers aged 3 and 4 years participated in this study. Preschoolers` temperament was reported by mothers. Maternal control strategies and preschoolers` compliance/noncompliance were observed in the laboratory using a clean-up task. There were four major findings. First, preschoolers with higher levels of activity exhibited less compliance, and preschoolers with higher levels of adaptability and activity displayed more noncompliance. Second, preschoolers whose mothers used fewer commands and more compliments displayed more compliance and less noncompliance. Third, mothers who rated their children higher in activity level used more commands with their children. Finally, the use of maternal commands mediated the association between preschoolers` activity level and compliance/noncompliance. When preschoolers` activity level and maternal control strategies were considered together to predict preschoolers` compliance/noncompliance, the relationship between activity level and compliance/noncompliance became nonsignificant. These findings suggest that the effects of temperament on compliance/noncompliance are indirect through maternal control strategies.

Child Care Service Quality Management Through the Evaluation of Efficiency at Child Care Centers: An Evaluation with Data Envelopment Analysis

This paper proposes a scheme to estimate the technical efficiency at child care centers for the less‐than‐three‐year‐old infants by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and to manage the quality of care service through implementing flexible and efficient government subsidy system. The result of technical efficiency estimation shows that there exists the heterogeneity in technical efficiency a substantial opportunity for improvement in technical efficiency across child care centers. This result implies that government may bring up the competition by giving subsidy differentially based on efficiency and use the money which has been used inefficiently other purposes. Both can improve the quality of child care service.

The Mediating Effect of Preschoolers’ Smart Device Immersion Tendencies on the Relationship between Maternal Parenting Behavior and Preschoolers’ Problem Behaviors

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between maternal parenting behavior, preschoolers’ smart device immersion tendencies, and their problem behaviors. A total of 277 mothers with 3to 6-year-old children (130 boys and 147 girls) answered questionnaires. Data were analyzed by means of t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation analyses, and regression analyses. The results are as follows: First, there were several significant differences in maternal parenting behavior and preschoolers’ smart device immersion tendencies according to preschoolers’ variables and maternal variables. Second, there were mostly significant correlations between maternal parenting behavior, preschoolers’ smart device immersion tendencies, and their problem behaviors. Third, preschoolers’ smart device immersion tendencies mediated the associations between maternal parenting behavior and preschoolers’ problem behaviors. These results suggest excessive use of smart devices leads to maladaptive development in preschoolers.