Seung-Yong Yang

Simulation of Excitation and Propagation of Pico-Second Ultrasound

This paper presents an analytic and numerical simulation of the generation and propagation of pico-second ultrasound with nano-scale wavelength, enabling the production of bulk waves in thin films. An analytic model of laser-matter interaction and elasto-dynamic wave propagation is introduced to calculate the elastic strain pulse in microstructures. The model includes the laser-pulse absorption on the material surface, heat transfer from a photon to the elastic energy of a phonon, and acoustic wave propagation to formulate the governing equations of ultra-short ultrasound. The excitation and propagation of acoustic pulses produced by ultra-short laser pulses are numerically simulated for an aluminum substrate using the finite-difference method and compared with the analytical solution. Furthermore, Fourier analysis was performed to investigate the frequency spectrum of the simulated elastic wave pulse. It is concluded that a pico-second bulk wave with a very high frequency of up to hundreds of gigahertz is successfully generated in metals using a 100-fs laser pulse and that it can be propagated in the direction of thickness for thickness less than 100 ㎚.

Ultrasonic Estimation and FE Analysis of Elastic Modulus of Kelvin Foam

The elastic modulus of a 3D-printed Kelvin foam plate is investigated by measuring the acoustic wave velocity of 1 MHz ultrasound. An isotropic tetrakaidecahedron foam with 3 mm unit cell is designed and printed layer upon layer to fabricate a Kelvin foam plate of 14 mm thickness with a 3D CAD/printer using ABS plastic. The Kelvin foam plate is completely filled with paraffin wax for impedance matching, so that the acoustic wave may propagate through the porous foam plate. The acoustic wave velocity of the foam plate is measured using the time-of-flight (TOF) method and is used to calculate the elastic modulus of the Kelvin foam plate based on acousto-elasticity. Finite element method (FEM) and micromechanics is applied to the Kelvin foam plate to calculate the theoretical elastic modulus using a non-isotropic tetrakaidecahedron model. The predicted elastic modulus of the Kelvin foam plate from FEM and micromechanics model is similar, which is only 3-4% of the bulk material. The experimental value of the elastic modulus from the ultrasonic method is approximately twice as that of the numerical and theoretical methods because of the flexural deformation of the cell edges neglected in the ultrasonic method.

Thermographic Inspection of Fatigue Crack by Using Contact Thermal Resistance

Fatigue crack was detected from a temperature change around surface crack using the thermographic technique. Thermal gradient across the crack decreased very much due to thermal resistance of contact surface in the crack. Heat diffusion flow passing through the discontinuity was visualized in temperature by infrared camera to find and locate the crack. A fatigue crack specimen(SM-45C), which was prepared according to KS specification and notched in its center to initiate fatigue crack from the notch tip, was heated by halogen lamp at the end of one side to generate a heat diffusion flow in lateral direction. A abrupt jump in temperature across the fatigue crack was observed in thermographic image, by which the crack could be located and sized from temperature distribution.

Evaluation of cylindrical Hertzian contact using guided waves

This paper presents an ultrasonic method to evaluate the contact state of two solid boundaries using guided wave propagating between the joining surfaces. The main idea is that the guided wave travels with different wave velocity depending on the contact pressure of interface. Mathematical formulation for acoustic wave propagation at contacting solids was made to obtain the dispersive relation between acoustic wave and contact pressure. Three different kinds of steel block with cylindrical tip were machined and pressed together at various compression loads to form contact surfaces of different contacting condition. Guided wave reflected at the edge of the steel block was measured to determine wave speed using the time-of-flight, which increases sensitively with the load. Experimental results proved that contact states such as contact force and interfacial stiffness between two solid surfaces can be monitored by the acoustic wave speed of guided wave in the interface.

Analysis of Harmonic Wave Generation in Nonlinear Oblique Crack Surface

Based on the nonlinear spring model coupled with perturbation method, 2nd harmonic waves generated by oblique incident ultrasound on nonlinear crack interface were calculated and investigated. Reflected and transmitted waves from the interface were determined and analyzed at various angle of incidence for the cracks with different interfacial stiffness in order to estimate the 2nd harmonic generation of incident ultrasound. It was shown in computer simulation that the 2nd harmonic components changed much with the increase of incidence angle in both reflected and transmitted wave, but became very small when the incident angle approached toward 90 degree. It can be concluded that the 2nd harmonic component of reflected wave has a meaningful amplitude as much as the transmitted 2nd harmonic wave from partly closed crack.

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF HONEYCOMB IMPACT ATTENUATOR

To participate in Student Formula Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) competitions, it is necessary to build an impact attenuator that would give an average deceleration not to exceed 20g when it runs into a rigid wall. Students can use numerical simulations or experimental test data to show that their car satisfies this safety requirement. A student group to study formula cars at the Korea University of Technology and Education has designed a vehicle to take part in a SAE competition, and a honeycomb structure was adopted as the impact attenuator. In this paper, finite element calculations were carried out to investigate the dynamic behavior of the honeycomb attenuator. Deceleration and deformation behaviors were studied. Effect of the yield strength was checked by comparing the numerical results. ABAQUS/Explicit finite element code was used.