Sevgi Küllü

An unusual cause of hydropic gallbladder and biliary colic — Heterotopic pancreatic tissue in the cystic duct: Report of a case and review of the literature

We present herein an unusual case of heterotopic pancreas in the cystic duct with hydrops of the gallbladder and concomitant chronic pancreatitis of the heterotopic tissue. A review of the relevant literature is discussed following the presentation of this case.

Determination of Reactive Oxygen Species in Myringotomized Tympanic Membranes: Effect of Vitamin E Treatment

Objectives/Hypothesis Recent studies have established a strong relationship between the development of myringosclerosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aims of the present study were to directly detect ROS in the tympanic membrane and middle ear mucosa of rats by measuring luminol amplified chemiluminescence, to evaluate the changes in the levels of ROS after treatment with vitamin E, and to examine the possible changes in the tympanic membranes otomicroscopically and histologically.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF IMAGING MODALITIES IN CLINICAL STAGING OF LOCALIZED PROSTATIC CARCINOMA

Findings on transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), computerized tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in local staging of prostatic carcinoma (PCa) were compared with the final pathological staging in 30 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. We found TRUS and MRI to have the same accuracy rate (53%) in local staging, whereas CT revealed a lower accuracy rate with 47%. TRUS revealed the highest accuracy rate in detecting seminal vesicle invasion with 70%, and MRI in invasion of periprostatic tissue with 67%. Although it revealed similar efficiency as MRI, TRUS should be considered as the first line modality in local staging of PCa in light of its relatively high accuracy rate, cost effectiveness and ease in performance.

Glutathione S-transferase and multidrug-resistant phenotype in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

OBJECTIVE To asses the role of expression of resistance phenotypes in treatment failure in patients with invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, since P-glycoprotein and glutathione S-transferase pi (GST) expression are implicated in resistance to various chemotherapy agents in different tumors. METHODS Tumor samples from P-glycoprotein and GST-pi were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS P-glycoprotein and GST-pi were found in 35.7 and 42.9% of the samples, respectively. In 21.4% of the samples there was simultaneous expression of both proteins. No significant impact on prediction of tumor behavior was evident on statistical analysis by any one of the protein expressions. CONCLUSION Drug resistance in transitional cell carcinoma may be through different mechanisms. Although the small sample size of this study precludes firm conclusions, the assessment of P-glycoprotein or GST-pi expression appears to be of little value as a predictor of response to chemotherapy in this group of tumors.

Transurethral ultrasonography, fiberoptic cystoscopy and bladder washout cytology in the evaluation of bladder tumours

The impact of transurethral ultrasonography, fiberoptic cystoscopy and bladder washout cytology on assessment of bladder tumours was investigated in this study. Transurethral ultrasonography had an accuracy rate of 96.5% in diagnosing and staging bladder tumours. The accuracy rates of fiberoptic cystoscopy and washout cytology were 90.9% and 73.7%, respectively, in diagnosis. The efficacy of transurethral ultrasonography was found to be high enough for routine employment in the evaluation of the bladder tumours. Fiberoptic cystoscopy in conjunction with washout cytology as a combination relatively easy to perform can be used especially for follow-up purposes of the bladder tumours.

The impact of prostate-specific antigen, its density and the Gleason score in the prediction of extracapsular disease in prostate carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). PSA density (PSAD), the preoperative Gleason score of transrectal-ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided needle biopsies and the Gleason score of the final histological examination in predicting extracapsular disease in prostate cancer (PCa). MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 32 patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy as the primary treatment for their clinically localized disease. RESULTS Extracapsular extension was found in 21 patients. In a comparison of different cutoff levels, the best positive predictive values were found for PSA of 20 ng/ml, PSAD of 0.2 and 0.3, a Gleason score of TRUS-guided biopsies of 5 and one of the prostatectomy specimens of 7 with 100, 80 (both), 74 and 95%, respectively, A PSA value higher than 20 ng/ml and a preoperative Gleason score of 7 or higher predicted extracapsular disease with specificity rates of 100 and 91%, respectively. It was noteworthy that there was a statistically significant undergrading in the extracapsular group in the Gleason scores of TRUS-guided biopsies compared to the prostatectomy specimens. CONCLUSION PSA levels above 20 ng/ ml and/or Gleason scores of 7 or higher in TRUS-guided biopsies are strong indicators of extracapsular extension of PCa.

Flow cytometric DNA studies and AgNOR counts in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

Flow cytometry appears to be a promising diagnostic method which may influence the therapeutic approach to transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. The number of silver-stained nuclear organizer regions (AgNORs) seems to correlate with the growth fractions of the cells. In this study, we report the results of combined flow cytometric analysis and AgNOR in 37 patients with TCC of the bladder. A positive correlation was observed in the histological grade, stage and growth pattern in relation to the ploidy of tumors. There were statistically significant differences among the mean AgNOR counts of the different groups as defined by DNA content, histological grade, growth pattern and disease outcome. In different stage groups, the AgNOR counts were related both to recurrence and progression. It was concluded that AgNOR counts performed on routine formalin-fixed paraffin sections furnish significant kinetic information. According to our preliminary results AgNOR counts and the DNA content of the tumors should also be measured to decide on more aggressive treatment in some cases.

Correlation of transrectal ultrasonography and core biopsies with pathology results in radical prostatectomy specimens.

Background: We compared preoperative tumor location, as identified by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), and TRUS‐guided core biopsies with the final histopathological examination of radical prostatectomy specimens.

Severe obstruction of the urinary tract due to talcum powder granuloma after surgery: A case report

Talcum powder which is generally used for lubrication of surgical gloves can be responsible for granuloma formation with subsequent complications. This is the report of a case with progressive urinary tract obstruction.

Ectopic production of human chorionic gonadotropin in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder : an immunohistochemical study

A retrospective histopathological and clinical analysis of 43 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, attending our institution between March 1986 and April 1989, was performed. The indirect immunoperoxidase method was used for the demonstration of human chorionic gonadotropin production in transitional cell carcinoma cells. Nine of the 16 grade III tumors stained positive for human chorionic gonadotropin, while grade I and grade II tumors remained unstained. Our results suggest that the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin in tumor cells is a strong evidence of dedifferentiation, and its association with patient prognosis needs further investigation, especially in high-grade, low-stage tumors.