Seyed Meysam Khoshnava

The Using Fungi Treatment as Green and Environmentally Process for Surface Modification of Natural Fibres

Although Natural Fibres have various potential and advantages such as lower in weight, embodied energy and toxicity but their drawbacks are provided relentless competition between natural and synthetics fibres. Intrinsically, Natural Fibres are hydrophilic that is leaded to poor resistance to moisture and incompatible to hydrophobic polymer matrix. This incompatibility of natural fibres results in poor fibre/matrix interface which in turn leads to reduce mechanical properties of the composites. This study try to litreature some methods of chemical treatment or surface modification of Natural Fibres for improving this drawback of natural fibres. The objective of this research is fungi treatment as Green Surface Treatment that is indicate to environmental friendlier process. The use of fungi can provide low cost, highly efficient and environmentally friendly alternatives to natural fibre surface treatment.

Heritage contribution in sustainable city

The concept of sustainability has been an integral part of development work since the late 1970s. Sustainability is no longer a buzzword but a reality that must be addressed by cities all over the world. Increasing empirical evidence indicates that city sustainability is not just related to technical issues, such as carbon emissions, energy consumption and waste management, or on the economic aspects of urban regeneration and growth, but also it covers social well-being of different groups living within increasingly cosmopolitan towns and cities. Heritage is seen as a major component of quality of life, features that give a city its unique character and provide the sense of belonging that lies at the core of cultural identity. In other words, heritage by providing important social and psychological benefits enrich human life with meanings and emotions, and raise quality of life as a key component of sustainability. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to examine the role that built cultural heritage can play within sustainable urban development.

Analytic Network Process Approach to Risk Allocation of EPC Projects Case Study: Gas Refinery EPC Projects in Iran

Risk allocation is the most significant factor in risk management. Earlier research has shown that risk allocation is essential to achieve success in construction projects. Risk allocation may fail to be achieved due to lack of a mechanism for joint risk management. Successful optimal risk allocation requires one to identify and evaluate the risk allocation criteria, which interact and overlap with each other and can lead to significant variation in the decision outcome in risk allocation. This study aims to allocate the risks in EPC projects using the analytic network process (ANP) method. The ANP approach is preferable in identifying the problems of interdependence and feedback among various criteria factors. The method utilizes data that are collected through a literature review, interviews, and a questionnaire distributed to EPC project experts. The results have shown that 12 risks are allocated to the developer, 9 risks are shared between developer and contractor, and 12 risks are allocated to the contractor. In conclusion, ANP is found to be suitable in analyzing the feedback and interdependencies among risk allocation criteria.