Seyit Citaker

Effects of kinesiologic taping on epidermal–dermal distance, pain, edema and inflammation after experimentally induced soft tissue trauma

Abstract Purpose: In sports medicine, the use of kinesiologic tape has recently gained popularity. Although widely used, there is no study examining the effects of kinesiologic tape on soft tissue after a contusion injury. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of kinesiologic taping on epidermal–dermal distance, edema, pain and inflammation after experimentally induced contusion injury. Methods: Twelve adult female Wistar albino rats were divided into two groups: (1) 30 min group: n = 6, weight range: 182.0–199.4 g; and (2) 6 h group: n = 6, weight range: 186.9–200.8 g. After soft-tissue trauma, tape was applied to the right sides of each rat. In one group, tape was applied for 30 min while 6 h in the other. To assess the epidermal–dermal distance and edematous area, tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined. Tissue sections were stained with nerve growth factor (NGF) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) immunohistochemically to evaluate the effect of taping on pain and inflammation respectively. Results: Epidermal–dermal distances were found to be significantly higher than controls’ in both groups (p < 0.05). Notable decreases were seen in edematous areas in both groups (p < 0.05). NGF and Bcl-2 immune reactivity were decreased in all tape applied sides. Conclusions: After soft-tissue trauma, it was histologically shown that kinesiologic taping increases epidermal–dermal distance, and may reduce the sensation of pain, edema and inflammation. For better, faster and comfortable tissue healing with protection of soft-tissue integrity, kinesiologic taping may be a valuable treatment after contusion injury. However, these results should be supported by clinical studies.

Relationship between scapular muscle and core endurance in healthy subjects

BACKGROUND Scapular muscle endurance and core endurance reportedly influence shoulder injury risk. The exact relationship between scapular muscle endurance and core endurance, and how they impact one another in the healthy subjects remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between scapular muscle endurance and core endurance in healthy subjects. METHODS Fifty healthy volunteers (23 males, 27 females; mean age 20.42 ± 1.04 years) were participated in this study. Endurance of the serratus anterior and trapezius muscles was assessed using the scapular muscle endurance test. Sorensen test (endurance of trunk extensor muscles), trunk flexor endurance test, and side bridge test (endurance of lateral core muscles) were conducted to assess the core endurance. Pearsons product moment correlations examined relationships between scapular muscle endurance and each of the core endurance tests scores. RESULTS Scapular muscle endurance test scores showed a positive correlation with the side bridge test scores (r = 0.414; p = 0.003). No significant correlation was found between scapular muscle endurance test scores and the other core endurance tests scores (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There appears to be a link between the scapular muscle endurance and lateral core muscles in healthy subjects; however, more research is needed to provide a definitive answer on the nature of this relationship. Further studies involving patients with shoulder pathology are warranted.

Reliability, Validity, and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Turkish Version of the Bournemouth Questionnaire.

Study Design. Validation of a self-report questionnaire. Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Turkish version of the Bournemouth Questionnaire. Summary of Background Data. Low back pain is one of the most frequent disorders leading to activity limitation. This pain affects most of people in their lives. The most important point to evaluate patients functional abilities and to decide a successful therapy procedure is to manage the assessment questionnaires precisely. Methods. One hundred ten patients with chronic low back pain were included in present study. To assess reliability, test-retest and internal consistency analyses were applied. The results of test-retest analysis were assessed by using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient method (95% confidence interval). For internal consistency, Cronbach alpha value was calculated. Validity of the questionnaire was assessed in terms of construct validity. For construct validity, factor analysis and convergent validity were tested. For convergent validity, total points of the Bournemouth Questionnaire were assessed with the total points of Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire by using Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. Results. Cronbach alpha value was found 0.914, showing that this questionnaire has high internal consistency. The results of test-retest analysis were varying between 0.851 and 0.927, which shows that test-retest results are highly correlated. Factor analysis test indicated that this questionnaire had one factor. Pearson correlation coefficient of the Bournemouth Questionnaire with Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire was calculated 0.703 and it was found with Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale is 0.659. These results showed that the Bournemouth Questionnaire is very good correlated with Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire and Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale. Conclusion. The Turkish version of the Bournemouth Questionnaire is valid and reliable. Level of Evidence: 3

Eccentric Training as an Adjunct to Rehabilitation Program for Hereditary Multiple Exostoses: A Case Report

Hereditary multiple exostoses an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder characterized by multiple cartilage-capped benign exostoses that typically occur in the metaphysis of long bones. The prevalence of hereditary multiple exostoses is estimated to be 1 in 50,000. Although, there have been many studies concerning this rare disorder, no research has yet examined the rehabilitation of hereditary multiple exostoses. The case diagnosed with hereditary multiple exostoses referred to our department with several complaints, namely pain, joint limitations, muscle weakness, and functional insufficiency after arthroscopic distal left femur exostoses excision. The aim of this case report was to present effectiveness of eccentric training as an adjunct to rehabilitation program for hereditary multiple exostoses. According to the results, eccentric training after arthroscopic exostoses excision may help reduce pain, increase range of motion, muscle strength, and functional levels in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses.

Relationship Between Functional Knee Joint Position Sense and Functional Performance Scores Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (Pilot Study)

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between functional knee joint position sense (JPS) and functional performance following ACL reconstruction Methods: Seven male patients (mean age=32,66 ±6,47) who had undergone ACL reconstruction and 10 male healthy control subjects participated in the study. Knee joint position sense was evaluated by reproduction of 20° knee flexion angle in weight-bearing position with single and bilateral limb movement into flexion and extension. The deviations in the angle were recorded and compared to both noninjured side and healthy controls’. Functional performance was evaluated with Single Leg Hop Test in both injured and non-injured sides. The scores were also compared with healthy controls and non-injured sides. Relationship between measured values was tested with Spearman Correlation Analysis. Results: There was no significant difference in knee joint position sense in functional position between the operated and uninjured knees of patients or between patients and healthy controls (p>0,05). However, there is significant difference in Single Leg Hop test scores between operated and non-operated or between patients and healthy controls (p=0,037; p<0,05). There was no significant correlation between Single Leg Hop test scores and knee joint position sense (p>0,05). Conclusion: There was no evidence of impaired joint position sense in weight-bearing positions in subjects with ACL reconstruction but there was a decrease in functional performance. This decrease in functional performance may depend on the other parameters except proprioceptive deficits.

Assessment of function in patients with rotator cuff tears: Functional test versus self-reported questionnaire

Purpose: The rotator cuff tears (RCT) are a well-known cause of shoulder pain and loss of upper extremity function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the upper extremity function using two different methods in patients with RCT and to determine the parameters that influence the upper extremity function. Materials and Methods: A sample of 38 patients (27-76 years; 10 men and 28 women) who were diagnosed with a chronic full-thickness RCT, confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), was studied. Upper extremity function was determined using Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC) and 9 Hole Peg Test (9PEG). Other assessments included active range of motion (ROM), muscle strength, shoulder pain, and scapular dyskinesis. Results: There was a weak association between WORC scores and 9PEG. A statistically significant, negative relationship was found between 9PEG and ROM in supination, as well as muscle strength of shoulder extensors, adductors, internal and external rotators. Conclusions: In addition to the weak association between WORC and 9PEG, the difference between the parameters related to each method suggests that they should not be used interchangeably to determine the upper extremity function. We recommend the utilization of 9PEG instead of WORC in assessing the upper extremity function in the setting of loss of muscle strength. Level of Evidence: Level IV, Therapeutic study.

Effects of Kinesio-Taping on the Relief of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Kinesio taping (KT) on delayed onset muscle soreness. DESIGN Randomized controlled study. SETTING Clinical laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Fifty-four nonathletic volunteers were assigned randomly to KT (n = 27) and placebo KT (n = 27) groups. INTERVENTIONS The intense exercise protocol consisted of 100 consecutive drop jumps from a 0.60-m-high platform. Kinesio tape was applied with the fan technique on the quadriceps muscles in the KT group. The placebo KT group received the Kinesio tape with no technique and tension. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Muscle soreness, maximal isometric quadriceps muscle strength, vertical jump height, and blood analyses (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, myoglobin, and C-reactive protein) were measured preexercise, immediately postexercise, 48 hours postexercise, and 72 hours postexercise. RESULTS There was a significant effect of time in all outcome measures (P < .05) except serum C-reactive protein level (P > .05). The intensity of muscle soreness was significantly lower in the KT group relative to the placebo KT group at 72 hours postexercise (P = .01). The serum creatine kinase level was significantly higher in the KT group compared with the placebo KT group at 72 hours postexercise (P = .01). There were no statistically significant differences between groups for the other outcome measures (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that KT intervention following the intense exercise protocol reduced muscle soreness. However, it had no effect on maximal quadriceps isometric strength and vertical jump height or serum lactate dehydrogenase, myoglobin, and C-reactive protein levels. Furthermore, KT application after intense exercise also increased serum creatine kinase levels.

Translation, cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of the Turkish version of the Penn Shoulder Score

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study is to translate the Penn Shoulder Score into Turkish and to establish its cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity in patients with shoulder dysfunctions. Methods: The Penn Shoulder Score was translated and culturally adapted from English into Turkish. Subsequently, the Penn Shoulder Score, the Constant Score, the American Shoulder and Elbow Score, and the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index were completed by 97 patients with shoulder dysfunctions. To determine the test–retest reliability, 30 patients completed the Penn Shoulder Score again on day 3. Intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach alpha were calculated to assess reliability. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed in terms of convergent validity with Pearson Correlation Coefficient using the Constant Score, the American Shoulder and Elbow Score, and the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index. Results: Internal consistency was good, with a Cronbach alpha of 0.81. The Intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.90 (95% confidence interval: 0.78, 0.90), demonstrating good test–retest reliability. Pearson correlation coefficients of the Penn Shoulder Score in relation with the Constant Score, the American Shoulder and Elbow Score, and the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index were 0.65, 0.78, and −0.77, respectively. Conclusion: The Turkish version of the Penn Shoulder Score is a reliable and valid measure for assessing patients with shoulder dysfunctions. Implications for Rehabilitation The Turkish version of the Penn shoulder score is valid and reliable outcome measure for assessing patients with shoulder dysfunctions. The Turkish version of the Penn shoulder score could be easily performed by patients and it is easy to score by clinicians. It is recommended to use in clinical settings and in research.

A Comparison of Dynamic Postural Stability Between Asymptomatic Controls and Male Patients One Year After ACL Reconstruction (Pilot Study)

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine if dynamic postural stability gained one year after ACL reconstruction in patients who received rehabilitation. Methods: Seven male patients (mean age=32,66 ±6,47) who had previously undergone ACL reconstruction (ACL-R) and 7 sex-and general physical activity matched uninjured controls included to study. Mean time since original injury was 13±3,31 months. Dynamic postural control was assessed with 20° knee flexion with Star Excursion Balance test. Each participant performed 3 trials of the anterior, posterior-medial, and posterior-lateral directional components of the SEBT. Reach distances for each directional component were compared with non-injured leg and healthy controls’. Results: There was no significant difference in all directions of Star Excursion Balance test between neither the operated and uninjured knees of patients nor between patients and healthy controls (p>0,05). Conclusion: No deficits in dynamic postural stability were present average one year after ACL reconstruction in patients who received rehabilitation. It can be said that rehabilitation is effective in the recovery of dynamic postural stability.