Shahid Hussain Abro

Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Liver of Commercial Broilers and Backyard Chickens

SUMMARY In commercial farming, frequent use of antimicrobial agents probably results in the occurrence of resistance in bacterial flora present in the gastrointestinal tract. Backyard/free range chicken farming is known as a typical example of backyard farming. This kind of poultry farming differs in many ways from commercial poultry farming, e.g., in feeding regimes, antibiotic use, and access to outdoor areas. This survey investigated if these differences affect the antimicrobial resistance patterns of enteric bacteria isolated from liver samples of commercial broilers and backyard chickens. For this purpose, enteric bacteria from the family Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from livers of commercial broiler and backyard chickens in Pakistan and were screened for their antimicrobial resistance. Antibiogram results revealed that the number of multidrug‐resistant Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Klebsiella were higher in commercial broilers as compared to backyard chickens. The isolates from commercial broilers showed a higher percentage resistance as compared to backyard chickens for nine antibiotics (viz., ampicillin, doxycycline, amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, norfloxacin, flumequine, ciprofloxacin, and augmentin). Whereas for 2 antibiotics, chloramphenicol and oxytetracycline, the extent of resistance in backyard chicken isolates was significantly higher than those from commercial broilers. The results indicate that in Pakistan backyard farming may contribute less to antimicrobial resistance.

Antibiotic Susceptibility of Brucella abortus Isolated from Milk and Blood Samples of Cattle

The bacterial species belongs to genus Brucella produce infections in humans, farm and wild animals are known as Brucellosis. In normal routine there is rational misuse of drugs especially broad spectrum poses a great concern for the treatment of Brucellosis in cattle. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of locally available various antibiotics against the Brucella abortus isolated from Lohani and Holstein cattle breeds. Various antibiotics such as kanamicin, chloramphenicol, rifapmicin, gentamycin, enroflaxcin, tertracyline, streptomycin, tobramycin and pencillin were tested against the isolated Brucella abortus . Brucella abortus was found highly sensitive to gentamicin, tobramicin and pencillin G with sensitivity percentage 75, 100 and 100%, respectively. The antibiogram results revealed gentamycin and tobramicin were highly effective antibiotics against the Brucella abortus. The organism was moderately sensitive against tetracycline, chloramphenicol, rifapmicin and enroflaxcin with sensitivity recorded of 65, 60, 60 and 90%, respectively. However, the organism was weakly sensitive against streptomycin and kanamicin 50 and 40%, respectively. The organism confirmed its resistance against the ampicillin. Overall, gentamycin and tobramicin were shown the highest antibiogram activity against the isolated Brucella abortus from the bovine milk and blood samples. While, the isolated organism was not sensitive to ampicillin.

Inclusion of Blend of L-lysine, DL-Methionine and Vitamins D3, E in Diets for Broiler; Effects on Growth Performance, Feed Intake and Conversion and Water Intake

The blend comprising of L-lysine, DL-methionine and vitamins D3, E in diets evaluated for growth performance, water intake, feed consumption and conversion ratio and live body weight in broiler was investigated. The study was performed on 360 day old broiler chickens and divided into four groups i.e. A (control), B, C and D (30 chickens in each group) randomly. The birds were fed blend in the diets; group B (40gm / 50 kg feed), group C (80 gm / 50 kg feed) and group D (120 gm / 50 kg feed). The growth parameters of broilers were significant (P<0.05) high in the diet group D in comparison to C, B and A groups respectively. The broiler in group D consumed more feed (4303.20 g/bird) followed by the broiler in C, B and A groups respectively. The significant difference (P<0.05) was determined in water intake of broilers among the groups. The broiler in group D was gained more live body weight (2301.60 g/bird) followed by the broilers in C (2094.50), B (2009.00) and A (1922.20 g/bird). The broiler in group D resulted superior feed conversion efficiency (1.87); followed by the broilers in group C (1.97). The broiler in groups B and A (control) resulted in lowest feed conversion efficiency (1.99 and 2.00) respectively. Overall, the supplementation of the blend in feed 120gm / 50 kg significantly influence on the feed consumption, water intake, live body weight and growth performance in broiler chickens.

Comparative Study on Growth and Conformation of Male Dumbi Lambs under Two Management Systems

A study was carried out on 12 male lambs of Dumbi sheep breed reared under two management systems at the Department of Livestock Management Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tando jam. The lambs of Dumbi breed were randomly divided into two groups i.e. group A and B (6 lambs in each group). The group A was reared under semi intensive management system (concentrate and open grazing) whereas animals in group B were kept under intensive management system (concentrate and green fodder). The experiment was lasted for (8) weeks and the observations for body weight and body conformation traits (girth, height and length) were recorded on weekly basis. The result indicated that the average body weight of lambs in group A (12.5 kg) was statistically higher (P<0.05) than lambs in group B (11.33 kg). Moreover, the average body conformation of Dumbi lambs of group A in respect of girth, height and length (56.83 and 40.5 cm, 41.5 cm respectively) were significantly higher than (P<0.05) the male Dumbi lambs of group B (55.33 and 39.33 cm, 40 cm respectively). While comparing the economical aspects of lambs reared under two management systems it was noted that the animals of group A were more economical (Rs.337 /lambs) compared to those of group B (Rs.245 /lambs). Result concludes that, the lambs reared under semi intensive management system (concentrate and open grazing) gained more body weight and body conformation than that of lambs reared under intensive management system (concentrate and green fodder).

Effect of vitamin E and Selenium treatment on parturition in Kundhi buffalo

Abstract The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of vitamin E and selenium on postpartum uterine involution in Kundhi buffalo. The study based on the objective of evaluating the effect of vitamin E and Selenium treatment on parturition in Kundhi buffalo. The experimental animals were divided into two groups i.e. control having 10 animals and experimental group having 30 animals. The parameters studied were uterine involution, first post partum estrus, secretion of lochia and pregnancy rate. The results of the present investigation revealed that pregnancy determined through rectal pregnancy diagnosis and it was found that 60% positive in experimental group compare to control group which was 50%. The expulsion of placenta in experimental group after 08, 12 and 16 hours after expulsion of fetus were 70, 20, 10% respectively, whereas, in control group it was 40, 30 and 30% respectively.