Shawn C. Baker

The External RNA Controls Consortium: a progress report

Standard controls and best practice guidelines advance acceptance of data from research, preclinical and clinical laboratories by providing a means for evaluating data quality. The External RNA Controls Consortium (ERCC) is developing commonly agreed-upon and tested controls for use in expression assays, a true industry-wide standard control.Standard controls and best practice guidelines advance acceptance of data from research, preclinical and clinical laboratories by providing a means for evaluating data quality. The External RNA Controls Consortium (ERCC) is developing commonly agreed-upon and tested controls for use in expression assays, a true industry-wide standard control.

Using RNA sample titrations to assess microarray platform performance and normalization techniques

We have assessed the utility of RNA titration samples for evaluating microarray platform performance and the impact of different normalization methods on the results obtained. As part of the MicroArray Quality Control project, we investigated the performance of five commercial microarray platforms using two independent RNA samples and two titration mixtures of these samples. Focusing on 12,091 genes common across all platforms, we determined the ability of each platform to detect the correct titration response across the samples. Global deviations from the response predicted by the titration ratios were observed. These differences could be explained by variations in relative amounts of messenger RNA as a fraction of total RNA between the two independent samples. Overall, both the qualitative and quantitative correspondence across platforms was high. In summary, titration samples may be regarded as a valuable tool, not only for assessing microarray platform performance and different analysis methods, but also for determining some underlying biological features of the samples.

Genome wide profiling of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), their derivatives and embryonal carcinoma cells to develop base profiles of U.S. Federal government approved hESC lines

BackgroundIn order to compare the gene expression profiles of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines and their differentiated progeny and to monitor feeder contaminations, we have examined gene expression in seven hESC lines and human fibroblast feeder cells using Illumina® bead arrays that contain probes for 24,131 transcript probes.ResultsA total of 48 different samples (including duplicates) grown in multiple laboratories under different conditions were analyzed and pairwise comparisons were performed in all groups. Hierarchical clustering showed that blinded duplicates were correctly identified as the closest related samples. hESC lines clustered together irrespective of the laboratory in which they were maintained. hESCs could be readily distinguished from embryoid bodies (EB) differentiated from them and the karyotypically abnormal hESC line BG01V. The embryonal carcinoma (EC) line NTera2 is a useful model for evaluating characteristics of hESCs. Expression of subsets of individual genes was validated by comparing with published databases, MPSS (Massively Parallel Signature Sequencing) libraries, and parallel analysis by microarray and RT-PCR.Conclusionwe show that Illuminas bead array platform is a reliable, reproducible and robust method for developing base global profiles of cells and identifying similarities and differences in large number of samples.

Integrated Molecular Analyses of Biological Samples on a Bead-Based Microarray Platform

Molecular analyses of biological samples have traditionally been pursued in parallel, with those researchers studying genetic diversity having few technical approaches in common with those studying gene expression. Increasingly, scientists recognize the importance of integrating analytical technologies to further research, particularly into emerging fields such as epigenetics and the genetics of gene expression. In this chapter, we describe a suite of applications that take advantage of the Illumina® bead-based microarrays, all of which are read out on a single analytical instrument. The integration of whole genome genotyping, high throughput focused genotyping, whole transcriptome expression profiling, focused expression profiling of fresh or preserved tissues, allele-specific expression profiling and DNA methylation assays on the BeadArray™ Reader allows researchers to expand their perspectives, from whole genomes to single bases, from genetics to expression and on to epigenetics.

Gene Expression Profiling of Stem Cells by Microarray

Publisher Summary The most fundamental questions in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research concern how pluripotence and differentiation are controlled. One hope is that large-scale studies comparing the gene expression of hESCs to their differentiated progeny will lead to insights about these processes. Gene expression of undifferentiated hESCs has been investigated by a variety of techniques including MPSS (massively parallel signature sequencing), SAGE (serial analysis of gene expression), EST (expressed sequence tag) scans, and hybridization-based technologies such as focused cDNA arrays and genome-wide microarray platforms. Microarray technology offers a unique combination of features that makes it well suited for most expression studies. It is comprehensive, allowing the monitoring of every annotated transcript in the human (or mouse) genome and it requires relatively little sample, approximately 100 ng (-10 000 cells) of total ribonucleic acid (RNA) for the most sensitive arrays.