Sheng-Kang Wang

Compositional features of extracts from Shenmu char powder

Abstract Shenmu char powder (SCP) was sequentially extracted with petroleum ether, carbon disulfide, dichloromethane, acetone, and methanol in a Soxhlet extractor to obtain extracts 1–5 (E 1–5 ) and final residue. The total extract yield of SCP is 1.76%. All the extracts were characterized with gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS), atmospheric solid analysis probe/time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ASAP/TOF-MS), and electrospray ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ESI/TOF-MS). Normal alkanes with C 15 to C 24 and arenes with 3 and 4 rings are predominant in E 1 and E 2 , respectively, while more heteroatom-containing organic species were identified in E 3–5 . Organooxygen compounds are the most abundant in E 4 and E 5 based on analysis with GC/MS. Much more heteroatom-containing organic compounds were detected in E 3–5 with ASAP/TOF-MS and ESI/TOF-MS than with GC/MS.

Synthesis and properties of new triphenylamine based luminescent hole transporting materials containing naphthyl and butadiene units

Abstract Two new triphenylamine based hole transporting materials (HTM1 and HTM2) containing naphthyl and butadiene moiety were synthesised via Witting–Horner reaction and characterised by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Fourier transform infrared and mass spectrometry. The optical, electronic and thermal properties of HTM1 and HTM2 were studied in detail. The highest occupied molecular orbital level of HTM1 and HTM2 is −5·22 and −5·04 eV respectively. These two compounds show similar Ultraviolet–visible and photoluminescence spectra in solution of tetrahydrofuran and soiled films, which indicated that these compounds remain as an amorphous state in thin solid films. HTM1 shows strong blue green emission with high solution fluorescence quantum efficiency (0·87), suggesting that HTM1 has promising potential applied as emitting materials. The two compounds could form amorphous film by spin coasting, and no crystallisation was observed after annealing at 80°C for 24 h, indicating the capability of forming stable amorphous glassy states of HTM1 and HTM2. These results show the potential of HTM1 and HTM2 as hole transporting and light emitting materials applied in organic light emitting devices.

Rapid analysis of carboxylic acids and esters with a direct analysis in real time ion source

RATIONALE Coal oxidation produces carboxylic acids (CAs), including aliphatic acids, benzoic acids, and benzenepolycarboxylic acids, which are important fine chemicals and could be used for understanding the structural features of coals. However, detecting CAs usually faces great challenges due to extremely troublesome pretreatments. Therefore, it is essential to develop an analytical method for rapidly detecting CAs from coal oxidation. METHODS A series of model compounds (MCs) of oxidation products and 2 practical samples were investigated by direct analysis in real time/time-of-flight mass spectrometer (DART/TOF-MS) under 3 different analytical conditions (ionizing gas temperature, organic solvent, and MC concentration). RESULTS Ionizing methyl benzoate, dimethyl phthalate, and dimethyl adipate produces typical ions of methyl esters, including [M - OCH3 ]+ , [M + H]+ , and [M + NH4 ]+ . In contrast, the characteristic ions generated from CAs are polymer ions, such as [2M + NH4 ]+ , [3M + NH4 ]+ , [4M + NH4 ]+ , and [5M + NH4 ]+ , indicating the strong intermolecular hydrogen-bond interaction among CAs. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that DART/TOF-MS could rapidly analyze CAs or esters in coal oxidation products according to their typical ions for further facilitating deep insight into the coal structure.

Preparation and characterisation of Mn–Zr–O high-temperature desulphurisation and solid oxide fuel cells performance test

Abstract Different Mn–Zr–O samples were synthesised and evaluated to develop a highly active sorbent for H2S removal. We investigate impact of different factors like the preparation of calcinations temperature, space velocity and different La content on desulphurisation performance. The simulated gas after desulphurisation was passed into the solid oxide fuel cells for the first time. It was found that there was no attenuation of solid oxide fuel cells life through 24 hours, which provide a powerful support to the application of direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells.

Synthesis, photophysical and thermal properties of 2,9,16,23-tetrafluoro substituted metallophthalocyanines

Abstract Five tetrafluoro substituted metallophthalocyanines(FePcF4, CoPcF4, NiPcF4, CuPcF4 and ZnPcF4) were synthesised and characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The optical and thermal properties of these compounds were investigated by ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis), photoluminescence and thermogravimetric analysis. All the compounds showed two characteristic absorption bands at 292–342 nm and at 657–672 nm in UV-vis spectra and displayed a blue shift compared with corresponding non-substituted metallophthalocyanines at Q band. For the fluorescence spectra, the emission maxima of the substituted metallophthalocyanines displayed a red shift as the atomic number of the central metal increased. The influence of concentration, solvent and peripheral substituents on the aggregation behaviour of the phthalocyanine complexes was studied. All the tetrafluoro substituted metallophthalocyanines exhibited decomposition temperature >270°C, indicating excellent thermal stability. The mobility of field effect device based on CuPcF4/p-6p was 0·014 cm2 V−1 s−1, indicating CuPcF4 can be used as n type semiconductor material in organic field effect transistors.