Shimaa M. Elsaeed

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Crude Oil Dispersants Based on Ethoxylated Schiff Base

Schiff base prepared from salicylaldehyde and diethylene triamine was ethoxylated by poly (ethylene glycol) of different molecular weights, namely 200, 600, 1000 and 2000, by using β,β-dichlorodiethyl ether as a linking agent. The ethoxylation reaction took place at both ends of the base upon using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) 200 and 600, whereas at one end when PEG 1000 and 2000 were used. The chemical structure of the prepared compounds was confirmed by using IR and 1HNMR spectroscopy. Thermodynamic parameters for micellization and adsorption or the prepared compounds were measured based on the surface tension of their solutions at different temperatures. Then, the compounds under investigation were tested as oil spill dispersants according to different standard test methods. It was found that the compounds with lower molecular weights of PEG showed the best dispersancy.

Swelling and Network Parameters of 1-Hexadecene-Co-Trimethylolpropane Distearate Monoacrylate Sorbers

Linear and crosslinked copolymers with different compositions of 1-hexadecene and trimethylolpropane distearate monoacrylate monomers were synthesized and evaluated for oil-absorbency application. Different concentrations of ethylene glycol diacrylate (EGDA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) crosslinkers were used. The concentration of both crosslinkers was varied from 0.5% to 2%. Copolymer compositions were determined from 1H NMR spectroscopy. Monomer reactivity ratios were calculated using Fineman-Ross and Kelen-Tudos techniques at low conversions. The oil absorbency and swelling rate constant were measured and influenced mainly by the degree of crosslinking and the hydrophobicity of copolymer units. The final equilibrium oil content, volume fraction of polymer and swelling capacity were determined at 298 K. The effective crosslinking density Ve, theoretical crosslink density Vt, the average molecular weight between the crosslinks Mc and the polymer-toluene interaction parameter χ were determined from swelling measurements. The efficiencies of EGDA and EGDMA crosslinking agents toward copolymers were determined.

Synthesis of Some Nonionic Polymeric Surfactants Based on Aminolized PET as Corrosion Inhibitors

The present work deals with the preparation of nonionic polymeric surfactants based on aminolytic degradation of PET by using diethanolamine (DEA) in the presence of Na-acetate as a catalyst to produce bis(4-hydroxyethylene)terephthalamide (B4HETA) monomer. The monomer produced was reacted with stearic acid and poly (ethylene glycol) with different number average molecular weights, namely 600, 2000 and 4000 gmol−1, to produce nonionic polymeric surfactants having different hydrophile–hydrophobe balances. The molecular weights and polydispersity of the prepared surfactants were determined by the GPC technique. Surface tension as a function of concentration for different solutions of the prepared surfactants was measured at 298, 308, and 318 K to calculate surface and thermodynamic properties of the investigated compounds. Furthermore, corrosion inhibition efficiency of the investigated nonionic polymeric surfactants was thoroughly studied.

Synthesis and investigation of hydrogel nanoparticles based on natural polymer for removal of lead and copper(II) ions

AbstractHydrogel nanoparticles were synthesized by graft copolymerization of acrylic acid and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) onto carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) by inverse microemulsion polymerization. Ethylene glycol dimthacrylate (EGDMA) was used as crosslinker. The structure, morphology, and size of the prepared nanogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope, respectively. The prepared nanogels were used to remove copper and lead ions from aqueous solutions. The effects of pH, time, crosslinker concentrations, temperature, and initial metal ion concentration on the metal ion removal capacity were investigated.

Preparation of Novel Toner Ink Materials Using Polymer-Wax Nanoparticles

In current toner materials, wax is mixed during toner preparation. This often results in nonuniform distribution of the wax and noncomplete phase separation. We attempt to overcome this problem by synthesis of novel toner particles wherein the wax is incorporated A core-shell structure of the toner particles is synthesized by microemulsion polymerization. The core is made up of a low Tg polymer (lauryl acrylate) entrapping macro- or micro-crystalline waxes, and the shell is made from a mixture of high Tg polymer (styrene) and adhesion enhancing ingredients (N-vinyl pyrrolidone). This design allows for an efficient use of ingredients and will prevent the phase-separation problems. The low Tg core and the high Tg shell will also improve flow ability as well as mechanical and chemical stability of particles. Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic light scatter, and x-ray diffraction are used to characterize the prepared toner particles.