Shizuo Nagatsuka

Dynamics of Low-Molecular-Weight Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids (LACAs) in Forest Soils

Abstract By improving the existing methods for quantifying organic acids in paddy soils, we developed a quantitative analytical method for low-molecular-weight aliphatic carboxylic acids (LACAs) in forest soils. Appropriate pre-treatment and concentration of soil extracts in combination with HPLC analysis where two types of columns and detectors were introduced enabled to obtain a sensitive determination of LACAs in forest soils. Moreover, choice of extractant enabled us to differentiate the existing forms of LACAs, namely water-soluble and adsorbed ones, the latter reflecting the difference between the phosphate buffer-soluble and water-soluble forms. By applying this method to the upper parts of the A and B horizon samples from a Podzolic soil, two Brown Forest soils and two Andosols, the following results were obtained. 1) Comparison between the upper part of the A and B horizons of each soil profile indicated that fairly comparable amounts of LACAs were present in the B horizon as well as A horizon. 2...

STUDIES ON GENESIS AND CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS IN WARM-TEMPERATE REGION OF SOUTHWEST JAPAN : Part 3.Some Features in Distribution and Mode of Existence of Free Iron and Aluminium Oxides in the Soil Profile

Abstract The free sesquioxides in the soil may exist both in the crystalline and amorphous forms. The amount and the relative distribution of these forms within the soil profile can have a most important bearing on the physicochemical properties of the soil, on the interpretation of soil genesis and on studies connected with Intensity and condition of weathering (1, 2).

Clay Mineralogical Analysis Using the <0.05-mm Fraction for Forensic Science Investigation—Its Application to Volcanic Ash Soils and Yellow-Brown Forest Soils

Clay mineralogical analysis is conducted with a fraction size of less than 0.05 mm in diameter (

Rapid Clay Mineralogical Analysis for Forensic Science Investigation—Clay Mineralogy Over the Short Distances

Rapid clay mineralogical analysis using a particle size fraction less than 0.05 mm without extraction of a clay fraction (

Dynamics of Low-Molecular-Weight Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids (LACAs) in Forest Soils : II. Seasonal Changes of LACAs in an Andisol of Japan

We examined the seasonal changes in the amounts and composition of low-molecular-weight aliphatic carboxylic acids (LACAs) in an AndisoS of Japan. Determination of ten kinds of LACAs was conducted for the 18 soil samples which were collected from Ah1 and Bw1 horizons of one identical profile for a duration of 1 y. The total amount of LACAs which ranged from 184.7 to 324.7 μmol kg-1 and from 131.5 to 260.3 μmol kg-1 in the Ah1 and Bw1 horizons, respectively was larger in the Ah1 horizon than in the Bw1 horizon for almost all the periods. The total amount of LACAs in the Ahl horizon reached maximum values at the beginning of July, when both soil temperature and moisture content were high. The seasonal changes in the amount of volatile LACAs (VCAs), mainly formic acid and acetic acid, were relatively similar to those in total LACAs, while there were two peaks in the amount of nonvolatile LACAs (NVCAs), dominated by oxalic acid and citric acid. As for the Bw1 horizon, although the total amounts of LA...

SOIL GENESIS ON THE RAISED CORAL REEF TERRACES OF ISHIGAKI- AND OKINAWA-ISLANDS IN THE RYUKYU ISLANDS, JAPAN : I. Relations among Soils and Geomorphic Plains and Chronosequential Change of Soil Chemical Properties

Soil forming processes on the raised coral reef terraces under humid sub-tropical maritime climate were investigated in Ishigaki- and Okinawa-islands in the Ryukyu Islands. Analyses of soil morphology and soil chemical properties showed that there is a close relationship between soil development and the relative age of the terrace plains, as follows: The soils develop from Coral Limestone Lithosols (Lithic Udorthents) on the lowest terraces, through Rendzina-like soils (Typic Rendolls) on the lower terraces, Terra fusca-Iike soils (Lithic Eutrochrepts) on the lower middle terraces, Mottled Terra fusca-like soils (Aqu-ollic Hapludalfs) on the higher middle terraces and finally to Terra rossa-like soils (Mollic Hapludalfs) on the limestone plateaux corresponding to the higher terraces. However, the status of free iron oxides in all these soils is similar to that of Red soils, reflecting the bio-climatic conditions of the humid sub-tropics. It appears therefore necessary to develop criteria that may enable t...

Characteristics of Free Sesquioxides and Humic Acids in Soil Distributed under Warm-Temperate Forest Climate in Nyu Mountains, Fukui Prefecture, Central Japan

Abstract The activity and crystallinity ratios of free iron oxides, and the ΔlogK and RF values of humic acids were analyzed in five soil types in the Nyu mountains, Fukui Prefecture, to examine the relation between the zonality of soils and the bioclimatic conditions under the Warm-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest climate. The characteristics of free iron oxides and humic acids were as follows: The Dark red soil, Kunimidake series was a Dark Red soil under the Cool-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest climate; the Dry brown forest soil (reddish), Tega series was a Yellow-Brown Forest soil under the Warm-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest climate; the Dry brown forest soil, Takasu-1 series and the Yellow soil, Yada series were Yellow-Brown Forest soils under the Warm-temperate lucidophyllous forest climate; and the Red soil, Oshibayama series and the lower parts of the Tega series were paleo-red soils. These results indicated that zonal soils under the Warm-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest climate were Yellow-Brown Forest soils in the Nyu mountains, Fukui Prefecture. The Dark red soil, Kunimidake series corresponded to a Hyperdystri-Rhodic Cambisol of World Reference Base for Soil Resources, WRB (FAO, ISRIC, and ISSS: World Soil Resources Reports 84, 1998). The Dry brown forest soil (reddish), Tega series, the Dry brown forest soil, Takasu-1 series, and the Red soil, Oshibayama series were compared with the Hyperdystri-Chromic Cambisol (WRB). The Yellow soil, Yada series was a Hypereutri-Chromic Cambisol (WRB).

Mineralogical composition of iron oxides in red- and yellow-colored soils from Southern Japan and Yunnan, China

Abstract Six soil samples from the Bt2 horizon of red- and yellow-colored soils collected in Southern Japan and Yunnan, China, were used in this study. Detailed mineralogical studies by differential X-ray diffraction analysis showed the presence of hematite in association with goethite in the red-colored soils, whereas no hematite was detected in the yellow-colored soils. Among the samples studied, the increase in the hematite contents was as follows: Terra rossa-like/Red-Yellow soil in Kikai Island, Red soil in Toyota City, Lateritic Red soil in Minami-Daito Island and Lateritic Red soil in Yunnan, China. Since Lateritic Red soil and Lateritic Yellow soil are distributed adjacently on the Pleistocene raised coral reef terrace in Minami-Daito Island, having a fairly similar soil temperature regime, soil pH, soil organic matter and iron oxide contents, the difference in the soil color between the two soils may be caused by the difference in the hydrologic conditions.

Studies on genesis and classification of soils in warm-temperate region of southwest Japan: Part 2. Topo-sequential Variation in Clay Mineral Composition of Soil

In the previous paper (1), it was shown that the soil distribution pattern on Pleistocene terraces and hilly areas in the vicinity of Lake Ramana in Tokai region along the Pacific Coast of Southwest Japan has a close correlation to the cyclic development of topography caused by glacio-eustatic movement of sea level during Pleistocene. And it was inferred that in the area Red-Yellow soils occur as relict or buried soils on the older ground surfaces of the higher terraces and foothills which are considered to have been formed before Shimosueyoshi transgression (Riss-Wurm interglacial), whereas YellowBrown (Forest) soils develop on the younger ground surfaces of the middle and the lower terraces or upper hillslopes which are considered to have begun to develop after the transgression.

Pedogenic Characteristics of Soils Distributed under Warm-Temperate Forest Climate in Nyu Mountains, Fukui Prefecture, Central Japan

Abstract The bioclimatic conditions, profile morphology and physico-chemical properties of five different soils under the Warm-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest climate, Warm-temperate lucidophyllous forest climate, and Cool-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest climate in the northern part of the Nyu mountains in Fukui Pref., Central Japan were examined. The outline of the results is as follows: 1) The Dark red soil, Kunimidake series, derived from pyroxene andesite may have been formed by the hydrothermal action of volcanism. 2) The Dry brown forest soil, Takasu-1 series, showed a brighter colour in the Bw horizon and a sudden decrease in the humus content below the AB horizon, suggesting that this soil was similar to Yellow-Brown Forest soils rather than to Brown Forest soils. 3) The Dry brown forest soil (reddish), Tega series, is likely to be a Yellow-Brown Forest soil derived from the loess which covered the underlying paleo-red soil. 4) The Red soil, Oshibayama series, was a paleo-red soil in which the upper part had been lost by erosion. 5) The Yellow soil, Yada series, on the Takasu coastal terrace was also considered to be a Yellow-Brown Forest soil affected by the seawater components from the neighboring coast. 6) It was suggested that zonal soils formed under the Warm-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest climate in the northern part of the Nyu mountains, in the northwestern region of Fukui Pref. were Yellow-Brown Forest soils like those under the Warm-temperate lucidophyllous forest climate.