Shlomo Shoham

International handbook of victimology

Theoretical and Historical Frameworks Becoming a Victim R. Strobl The Meaning of Justice for Victims Jo-Anne Wemmers The Evolution of a Young, Promising Discipline: Sixty Years of Victimology, a Retrospective and Prospective Look Ezzat A. Fattah History and a Theoretical Structure of Victimology G. Ferdinand Kirchhoff Research Methods in Victimology Property Crimes and Repeat Victimization: A Fresh Look A. Tseloni and K. Pease Key Victimological Findings from the International Crime Victims Survey J. Van Kesteren and J. Van Dijk Patterns of Communal Violence Victimization in South India: A Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Analysis K. Jaishankar Patterns of Victimization Secondary Victims and Secondary Victimization R. Condry Drugs and Alcohol in Relation to Crime and Victimization M. Clark Victims of Sex Trafficking: Gender, Myths, and Consequences S. Milivojevic and S. Copic Occupational Victimization R. Lusignan and J. D. Marleau Tourism and Victimization R. I. Mawby, E. Barclay, and C. Jones Responses to Criminal Victimization Victims and Criminal Justice in Europe J. Shapland Lobbying for Rights: Crime Victims in Israel U. Yanay and T. Gal Victim Services in the United States B. T. Muscat Fear of Crime in the Republic of Ireland: Understanding Its Origins and Consequences M. Butler and P. Cunningham Restorative Justice When Prisoners Leave: Victim-Offender Relationships in a Transitions Context R.White Death of a Metaphor? Healing Victims and Restorative Justice T. Daems The Healing Nature of Apology and Its Contribution toward Emotional Reparation and Closure in Restorative Justice Encounters E. Brook and S. Warshwski-Brook Exploring the Effects of Restorative Justice on Crime Victims for Victims of Conflict in Transitional Societies H. Strang Victims and Social Divisions The Hidden Violent Victimization of Women W. S. Dekeseredy Images of Criminality, Victimization, and Disability M. Madriaga and R. Mallett The Psychological Impact of Victimization: Mental Health Outcomes and Psychological, Legal, and Restorative Interventions S. N. Verdun-Jones and K. R. Rossiter Culture and Wife Abuse: An Overview of Theory, Research, and Practice C. Machado, A. R. Dias, and C. Coelho The Idea of the Crime Victim as a Trojan Horse in the Swedish Social Services Act C. Ljungwald Conclusion S. G. Shoham and P. Knepper

Personality correlates of violent prisoners

Abstract This paper is one of a series of articles that report an inter-disciplinary study of violent prisoners. The study included demographic, psychological, social and biological factors of violent prisoners and the present paper summarizes the psychological data.

ANXIOUS AND "RECKLESS" DRIVERS

This paper presents personality profiles of two types of recidivist traffic offenders. One is the “anxious” traffic offender who imputes legitimacy to traffic norms, yet due to innate structural personality defects, he tends to enter into a state of anxiety, when confronted with risky traffic situations or a traffic jam. The other type is the “reckless” driver, who does not impute legitimacy to traffic norms nor to other legal norms. From this personality theory a number of hypotheses were derived and tested by means of multiple regression. Our ability to predict the number of traffic offenses suggests that similar tools may be used by the traffic authorities and traffic courts.

Social attitude correlates of violent prisoners

This paper is one of a series of articles summarizing an inter-disciplinary study of violent prisoners that measured demographic, social, psychological and biological correlates of violent prisoners. This paper presents the sociological aspects of our population.

A Two-Dimensional Space for Classifing Legal Offenses

In the past, conceptual differences between behavioral and legal definitions made a synthesis between the two approaches extremely difficult. The present study utilizes a relatively new nonmetric measurement technique-the Multi-dimensional Scalogram Analysis (MSA)-in an attempt to conceptually analyze the four relevant components of a criminal offense: a) the criminal law norm (legal norm), b) the actor (offender), c) the act (offense), and d) the object (victim). A theoretical model, assuming interaction among the four com ponents of the criminal offense, was constructed and an empirical analysis of crime within the framework of a legal definition was undertaken..Based on the definitions used in the study, several rela tionships were studied between actus reus and mens rea, the legal norms violated, the offender, the criminal act, and the object of the criminal act. The empirical findings suggest that the basic structure of the criminal offense is comprised of the dyadic relationship between the offender and the victim. Actus reus elements appear to be after-the- fact intervention for the assessment of damages of injuries and the mens rea elements are also imputed after the fact to the offender in order to punish his indeterministic evil intent. The implications of the findings for research on administration of criminal justice and sentencing are discussed.

Introduction: Social, Political and Economic Aspects of Human Trafficking

The article discusses various reports published within the issue including one which assesses the scope of human trafficking in various world regions, another which examines the social, political, and economic contexts of policies taken to reduce human trafficking, and a research which presents a model for grasping the worldwide flow of trafficked persons.

Alienation and Apocalypse

George Orwell’s 1984 is an apocalypse of the total byzantinization of culture, a time in which totalitarianism alone reigns supreme because the profusion and effective centralization of electronic monitoring renders its power absolute. Apart from the book being a prophecy, Orwell might have intended to warn the world by a wrathful jeremiad that if not prevented, the macabre process of the totalitarization of human culture and life will be inevitable.

Cultural Factors Associated with Cannabis use in Israel

I am afraid that my remarks are going to be a bit parochial as they are mainly based on research done in our part of the world. However, I do feel that the findings might transcend in relevance to our region for two reasons. One is that we are situated between one of the largest cannabis producing areas in the world and this is to our north — and to our south are the traditional users of cannabis, as well as origin, as being notorious recently as one of the largest exporters of cannabis. Well, of course, I am relating myself to hashish only, which is the commodity in our part of the world which as you know the tetrahydrocanabinol content is something like eight to ten times higher than marihuana.

The norm, the act and the object of crime as bases for the classification of criminal behaviour.

IT has been recognized that one of the major impediments to the task of theorymaking in criminology is the vast array of-human acts which are labelled criminal but do not have any common behavioural denominator. This may be largely due to the fact that criminology deals with the interrelation between two phenomena which are not organically linked together, i.e., human behaviour and the norms of the criminal law. In order to reach valid generalizations about human behaviour the scientist has to analyze types of behaviour which possess certain common characteristics, but the fact that a large variety of different types of behaviour have the only common denominator of being forbidden by the criminal law is supposed to be of little value to the study of crime causation.* On the other hand the study of the criminal law norms was perennially detached from the study of the behaviour of its violators.(8) The efforts to solve this dilemma started with the