Shoshi Mizokami

Variant Concept of Transportation-Disadvantaged: Evidence from Aydin, Turkey, and Yamaga, Japan

Transportation-disadvantaged groups have been defined in previous studies as those who are low income earners, are family dependent, have limited access to private motor vehicles and public transport services, and are obliged to spend relatively more time and money on their trips. Additionally the disabled, young, and elderly are commonly considered to be among the transportation-disadvantaged. Although generally this definition seems correct, it is not specific enough to become a universal definition that could apply to all urban contexts. This paper investigates whether perceptions of travel difficulty vary as does the definition of transportation-disadvantaged in socioculturally different urban contexts. For this investigation, the writers undertake a series of statistical analyses in a case study of Yamaga, Japan, and compare the findings with a previous case study, in which the same methodology, hypothesis, and assumptions were applied to a culturally and demographically different settlement in Aydin, Turkey. After comparing the findings observed in Aydin with the statistical analysis results in Yamaga, this paper reveals that there can be no detailed, universal definition of the transportation-disadvantaged. The writers conclude that the characteristics of the transportation-disadvantaged are not globally identical, and policies and solutions that work in one locality may not have the same results in another sociocultural context.

A suppressed demand analysis method of the transportation disadvantaged in policy making

Abstract This paper proposes a method for estimating transportation supply requirements when the suppressed demand of the transportation disadvantaged (TD) can be calculated and added to existing demand for travel. The underlying assumption is that the travel conditions of these TD groups must be equal to the ‘conventional’ demand, known as ‘full release’. Utilising the modelling approach for TD, suppressed demand analysis, diagnosis of difficulties and equity between conventional and disadvantaged groups were realised, while elaborating special cases for the most vulnerable TD groups (such as elderly and disabled persons) and simultaneously identifying areas of difficulty. From the early virtual results, it is concluded that, for the full release of suppressed trips (only a 5% increase), policy makers must be ready to face some financial burdens, requiring coordination of effort to both standardise these TD groups and reduce the costs incurred by operators.

Value of Traffic Externalities from Attribute-Based Stated Choice: Route Choice Experiment

The increasing rate of motorization in major urban centers in Asia is having severe impacts on local social and physical environments. Sustainability principles call for consideration of these traffic impacts, which include congestion, air and noise pollution, road safety, and urban decay, in the evaluation of urban development programs and projects. This study aims to contribute to the scarce literature on valuing nonmonetary external costs of traffic in developing countries through the attribute-based stated choice method measuring willingness to pay for route environment improvements. A web-based stated preference route choice survey was conducted regarding private work trips in metro Manila, Philippines, to value the welfare derived from changes in the quality of road and roadside environments. The authors estimated and compared values from specifications of fixed and random parameter logit. This study shows that estimates are sensitive to model specification, particularly if the attributes have signi...

An Application of a Hierarchical Bus Network Design Method to Kumamoto Urban Area

乗合バスは,これまでも地域の日常生活を支える公 共輸送サービスの役割を担ってきた.平成 14 年 2 月に は,生活路線の維持方策の確立を前提に,需給調整規制 が撤廃され,路線免許も従来の認可制から許可制へと変 更された.運賃制度についても総括原価方式から上限価 格制への措置がなされた.これらにより,路線への新規 参入を容易にして事業の自由競争が促されることで,バ ス輸送はニーズに応じた高サービス・低料金のシステム へ改善されることが期待されている.少子・高齢社会が 進展する中,乗合バスは地域住民のモビリティを確保す るための移動手段としてますます重要な役割を担うこと になる.にもかかわらず,バス利用者の減少に歯止めが きかず,バス事業者の経営の悪化,それによる減便や路 線廃止など,サービス水準の低下と利用者の減少の悪循 環が全国各地で生じている.特に,高齢化の進展が著し く,バス以外の公共交通機関が存在しない地方部におい て,その傾向は顕著である. このような中,平成 19 年 10 月に「地域公共交通の 活性化及び再生に関する法律」が施行された.これによ って,市町村を中心とした地域の関係者が地域公共交通 について総合的に検討し,活性化に向けて主体的に推進 するのを,国が総合的に支援する枠組みが形成された. 路線バスの維持だけでなく,コミュニティバスや乗合タ クシーの導入など,地域公共交通の再生に向けた市町村 独自の取り組みが期待されている. 本研究は,まず,熊本市における「熊本市地域公共交 通総合連携計画」策定のために設置された「熊本市のバ ス交通のあり方検討協議会」で検討された階層化手法に よるバス路線網再編計画の考え方と手順について紹介す る.次に,再編路線網の妥当性の検証方法とその結果に ついて述べる.さらに,バス利用需要の予測と費用便益 分析による計画評価の結果を示す.最後に,本研究の成 果と今後の検討課題について報告するものである. 階層化手法によって都市域全体の路線網再編を行った 例には盛岡市のオムニバスタウン計画がある.その他に も大阪市や福山市 などに見られるが,いずれも特定の 地区で実施されており,都市圏全域にわたるバス路線網 全体を対象とした路線網再編計画,需要予測,便益評価 を行っている例は少ない.

A Game-theoretic Analysis on the Formed Agreement Cost Allocation Model for the Connecting Bridge Project

Recently, from the view point of financial readjustment, both the Central and the Local Government want to reexamine the construction system of Infrastructure. Now, many of the businessman want to make a new allocation system that is recognized by the society that is equity and fair. So, we proposed the Formed Agreement cost-allocation Model for the project composed several sections. This allocation system has a special function that can accommodate the participations opinion. In this paper, we analysis the elemental factor and try to Game-theoretic analysis to understand the quality of the solution on this proposed cost-allocation model. To illustrate the property of this model, We picked up the case study, the access to the Hibiki New Port in Kitakyushu City, that is recognized as an international leading port by the Ministry of Transport. And we want to construct the Connecting Bridge by use of this model on the point of P. F. I.(Private Finance Infrastructure).

Estimation of Traffic Capacity at a Sightseeing Area by Network Equilibrium Theory

There are some sightseeing areas that the environmental disruption and traffic congestion occur by increase of sightseeing demands. These phenomenon decrease the attraction of itself. To guarantee the comfortable sightseeing for guests, the measures like a demand control and route guidance may be needed. In this paper, we define the capacity of the sightseeing area which represents the suitable sightseeing activity level. We propose its estimation method using the traffic assignment simulation based on the stochastic network assignment model with elastic demands, and examine its applicability.