Shrikant S. Tangade

A survey on authentication schemes in VANETs for secured communication

Abstract A vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is a class of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) which supports, vehicle to vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communications. The significant features of VANET includes, self-organization, distributed networking, and highly dynamic topology. The VANET features and its applications to road safety have attracted a lot of interest in industry and academia more so into the research on improvement of transportation systems for saving millions of lives. The transmission of messages in open-access environment like VANET leads to the most critical and challenging security issues. Authentication, data confidentiality, data integrity, data availability, and non-repudiation are crucial components of security in VANET. This paper focuses on the authentication schemes in VANET as it plays a important role in secured communication. The authentication schemes are basically classified into three categories: cryptography techniques, digital signatures, and message verification techniques. The main objective of this paper is to provide a taxonomy of authentication schemes, and discuss their mechanisms, advantages, disadvantages, performance and scope of research. Furthermore, the paper concludes with presentation of open security issues in VANET authentication.

A survey on attacks, security and trust management solutions in VANETs

Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork (VANET) is an emerging paradigm in networking. It is a new form of Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET). VANET enables vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication with the goal of providing road safety and reduce traffic congestion. However, dishonest (malicious) peers (vehicles) in a VANET many send out false information to maximize their own utility. Now a day, VANET has been taken more attention of researchers and automotive industries due to life saving factor. In this paper, we first discuss the applications and unique characteristics of VANETs that distinguish them from MANETs. We also discuss about different attacks and security issues in VANET. We then survey existing trust models in VANETs, and point out their key issues. Based on these studies, we suggest desired properties towards effective trust management in VANETs.

A survey: Comparative study of applications, attacks, security and privacy in VANETs

VANETs (Vehicular Adhoc Networks) is the Subclass of MANETs (Mobile Adhoc Networks). It provides remote communication among vehicles to roadside equipments and it gives the innovation that uses moving cars as a hub in a system to make the portable system that is each car which is participating is either a remote switch or hub. As, VANETs finds the applications in industry as well as commercial. The principal objective is to enhance security for passengers. Security and protection gets a lot of consideration in remote communication in light of the fact that VANETs is inclined to malicious and disclosure attacks. This paper proposes the essential perspective of VANETs applications, different sorts of assaults and security requirements. We examine existing techniques for security and protection issues in VANETs. Finally, We discuss different types of the validation schemes and challenges in VANETs.

Scalable and privacy-preserving authentication protocol for secure vehicular communications

Most of the existing authentication protocols are based on either asymmetric cryptography like public-key infrastructure (PKI) or symmetric cryptography. The PKI-based authentication protocols are strongly recommended for solving security issues in VANETs. However, they have following shortcomings: (1) lengthy certificates lead to transmission and computation overheads, and (2) lack of privacy-preservation due to revealing of vehicle identity, communicated in broadcasting safety-message. Symmetric cryptography based protocols are faster because of a single secret key and simplicity; however, it does not ensure non-repudiation. In this paper, we present an Efficient, Scalable and Privacy-preserving Authentication (ESPA) protocol for secure vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). The protocol employs hybrid cryptography. In ESPA, the asymmetric PKI based pre-authentication and the symmetric hash message authentication code (HMAC) based authentication are adopted during vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communications, respectively. Extensive simulations are conducted to validate proposed ESPA protocol and compared with the existing work based on PKI and HMAC. The performance analysis showed that ESPA is more efficient, scalable and privacy-preserving secured protocol than the existing work.

Distributed trust & time management strategy in VANETs

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a sub disciple of Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks. VANET provides wireless communication among vehicles and vehicle to road side equipments. The communication between vehicles is used for safety, comfort and entertainment (convenience). The performance of communication depends on how better the routing takes place in the network. Routing of data depends on the routing protocols being used in network. The life saving factor is also the key issue in this regard. Trust is key part of security and it is undoubtedly necessary to develop trust in vehicular network. Distributed trust management in VANET is a challenging task due to the lack of infrastructure, openness of wireless links and the usually highly dynamic network topology. In this paper, we have studied special characteristics of VANETs, existing trust management schemes, and proposed a distributed trust management strategy which helps in evaluation of time by the vehicle that would like to know whether he can trust the vehicle that broadcast the message.

Survivability Issues in Optical Wavalength Division Multiplexing (WDM) Network

This paper provides a survey on existing survivability related problems and include the new algorithm based on existing algorithms. Survivability has become an important issue and topical subject in WDM networks. This paper reviewed the literature on survivability against multi-domain or link failures to ensure reliability in WDM networks. Survivability in multi-domain optical networks is very important, only few studies have been proposed in literature. The paper is related to protection technique in inter-domain link of multi-domain network combining the p-cycle and wavelength assignment.

Approaches to survive link failures and reduce blocking probability

Survivability in multi-domain networks is considered as one of the challenging issues in optical WDM networks. This paper provides a survey on existing survivability related problems and introduces new algorithm. This paper reviewed the literature on survivability against multi-domain or link failures to ensure reliability in WDM networks. Survivability in multi-domain optical networks is very important, only few studies have been proposed in literature. The paper is related to reduce the blocking probability and to ensure the constant flow of the data according to the priority and is focused on the QoS of the network. The new algorithm is defined combining the P-cycle and wavelength assignment.

A survey on trust & trust-based schemes in VANETs

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a sub class of mobile ad-hoc networks. VANET provides wireless communication among vehicles and vehicle to road side equipments. The communication between vehicles is used for safety, comfort and for entertainment as well. The performance of communication depends on how better the routing takes place in the network. The life saving factor is also the key issue in this regard. Trust is key part of security and it is undoubtedly a necessity to develop trust in vehicular network. Trusted routing in VANET is a challenging task due to the lack of infrastructure, openness of wireless links and the usually highly dynamic network topology. In this paper, we have studied challenging characteristics in VANET entourage, trust and characteristics of trust VANETs, and security requirements and attacks. Few existing trust-based frameworks have been studied in depth to understand the lack of trust in VANETs and to develop an effective trust-based scheme.

Better quality of servies in multimedia transmission by using wavelength/time single-pulse-per-row encodingtechnique in OCDMA networks

In this paper optical code-division multiple-access (O-CDMA) packet network is considered, which offers inherent security in the access networks. The application of O-CDMA to multimedia transmission (voice, data, and video) is investigated. The simultaneous transmission of various services is achieved by assigning to each user unique multiple code signatures. Thus, by applying a parallel mapping technique, we achieve multi-rate services. A random access protocol is proposed, here, where all distinct codes are used, for packet transmission. The codes, Optical Orthogonal Code (OOC), or 1D codes and Wavelength/Time Single-Pulse-per-Row (W/T SPR), or 2D codes, are analyzed. These 1D and 2D codes with varied weight are used to differentiate the Quality of Service (QoS). The theoretical bit error probability corresponding to the quality of each service is established using 1D and 2D codes in the receiver noiseless case and compared. The results show that, using 2D codes QoS in multimedia transmission is better than using 1D codes.