Sunilkumar S. Manvi

Resource management for Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) in cloud computing: A survey

Abstract The cloud phenomenon is quickly becoming an important service in Internet computing. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) in cloud computing is one of the most significant and fastest growing field. In this service model, cloud providers offer resources to users/machines that include computers as virtual machines, raw (block) storage, firewalls, load balancers, and network devices. One of the most pressing issues in cloud computing for IaaS is the resource management. Resource management problems include allocation, provisioning, requirement mapping, adaptation, discovery, brokering, estimation, and modeling. Resource management for IaaS in cloud computing offers following benefits: scalability, quality of service, optimal utility, reduced overheads, improved throughput, reduced latency, specialized environment, cost effectiveness and simplified interface. This paper focuses on some of the important resource management techniques such as resource provisioning, resource allocation, resource mapping and resource adaptation. It brings out an exhaustive survey of such techniques for IaaS in cloud computing, and also put forth the open challenges for further research.

Review: Review of multicast routing mechanisms in mobile ad hoc networks

Frequent interactions among the group members of distributed wireless network environment may be facilitated with the help of Mobile Ad Hoc NETworks (MANETs). Some of the group-oriented applications include disaster management, battlefields, audio/video conferencing, e-commerce, e-education, etc. Group communication demands dynamic construction of efficient and reliable multicast routes under user mobility and varying channel conditions. Multicast routing mechanisms in MANETs have been consistently improved by researchers considering various performance measures such as energy efficient route establishment, packet delivery ratio, quicker and faster proactive route recovery, network life time, reliability, Quality of Service (QoS) based on bandwidth, delays, jitters, and security. The paper focuses on most recent reliable and QoS based multicast routing mechanisms that helps in multimedia communication over MANETs. The mechanisms are considered under different topological routing categories such as mesh, tree, zone and hybrid. We provide an overview of existing multicast routing mechanisms based on routing categories and point to directions for future research and development.

Issues in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

this planet and many oceanic and maritime applications seem relatively slow in exploiting the state-of-the-art info-communication technologies. The natural and man-made disasters that have taken place over the last few years have aroused significant interest in monitoring oceanic environments for scientific, environmental, commercial, safety, homeland security and military needs. The shipbuilding and offshore engineering industries are also increasingly interested in technologies like sensor networks as an economically viable alternative to currently adopted and costly methods used in seismic monitoring, structural health monitoring, installation and mooring, etc. Underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) are the enabling technology for wide range of applications like monitoring the strong influences and impact of climate regulation, nutrient production, oil retrieval and transportation The underwater environment differs from the terrestrial radio environment both in terms of its energy costs and channel propagation phenomena. The underwater channel is characterized by long propagation times and frequency-dependent attenuation that is highly affected by the distance between nodes as well as by the link orientation. Some of other issues in which UWSNs differ from terrestrial are limited bandwidth, constrained battery power, more failure of sensors because of fouling and corrosion, etc. This paper presents several fundamental key aspects and architectures of UWSNs, emerging research issues of underwater sensor networks and exposes the researchers into networking of underwater communication devices for exciting ocean monitoring and exploration applications. I. INTRODUCTION The Earth is a water planet. Around 70% of the surface of earth is covered by water. This is largely unexplored area and recently it has fascinated humans to explore it. Natural or man-made disasters that have taken place over the last few years have aroused significant interest in monitoring oceanic environments for scientific, environmental, commercial, safety, homeland security and military needs. The shipbuilding and offshore engineering industries are also increasingly interested in technologies like wireless sensor

Link stability based multicast routing scheme in MANET

The group-oriented services are one of the primary application classes that are addressed by Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) in recent years. To support such services, multicast routing is used. Thus, there is a need to design stable and reliable multicast routing protocols for MANETs to ensure better packet delivery ratio, lower delays and reduced overheads. In this paper, we propose a mesh based multicast routing scheme that finds stable multicast path from source to receivers. The multicast mesh is constructed by using route request and route reply packets with the help of multicast routing information cache and link stability database maintained at every node. The stable paths are found based on selection of stable forwarding nodes that have high stability of link connectivity. The link stability is computed by using the parameters such as received power, distance between neighboring nodes and the link quality that is assessed using bit errors in a packet. The proposed scheme is simulated over a large number of MANET nodes with wide range of mobility and the performance is evaluated. Performance of the proposed scheme is compared with two well known mesh-based multicast routing protocols, i.e., on-demand multicast routing protocol (ODMRP) and enhanced on-demand multicast routing protocol (EODMRP). It is observed that the proposed scheme produces better packet delivery ratio, reduced packet delay and reduced overheads (such as control, memory, computation, and message overheads).

Multicast routing in mobile ad hoc networks by using a multiagent system

Multicast routing in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) poses several challenges due to inherent characteristics of the network such as node mobility, reliability, scarce resources, etc. This paper proposes an Agent Based Multicast Routing Scheme (ABMRS) in MANETs, which uses a set of static and mobile agents. Five types of agents are used in the scheme: Route manager static agent, Network initiation mobile agent, Network management static agent, Multicast initiation mobile agent and Multicast management static agent. The scheme operates in the following steps: (1) to identify reliable nodes; (2) to connect reliable nodes through intermediate nodes; (3) to construct a backbone for multicasting using reliable nodes and intermediate nodes; (4) to join multicast group members to the backbone; (5) to perform backbone and group members management in case of mobility. The scheme has been simulated in various network scenarios to test operation effectiveness in terms of performance parameters such as packet delivery ratio, control overheads and group reliability. Also, a comparison of proposed scheme with MAODV (Multicast Ad hoc on-demand Distance Vector) protocol is presented. ABMRS performs better than MAODV as observed from the simulation. ABMRS offers flexible and adaptable multicast services and also supports component based software development.

Neighbor supported reliable multipath multicast routing in MANETs

The limited battery power, unpredictable mobility and large variation of received signal strength in nodes of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) create link and node vulnerability and instability. Multicast routing in MANETs for group communication requires the establishment of reliable links between neighboring nodes called as reliability pair beginning from the source and extending such reliability pairs enroute to the destination. We propose a scheme for Multipath Multicast Routing in MANETs using reliable Neighbor Selection (MMRNS) mechanism. A mesh of multipath routes are established from source to multicast destinations using neighbors that have high reliability pair factor. MMRNS operates in the following phases. (1) Computation of reliability pair factor based on node power level, received differential signal strength between the nodes and mobility. (2) Pruning neighbor nodes that have reliability pair factor smaller than a threshold. (3) Discovery of multipath multicast mesh routes with the help of request and reply packets. (4) Multipath priority assignment based on minimum value of reliability pair factor of a path and information transfer from source to the multicast destinations and (5) route maintenance against link/node failures. The scheme is simulated to evaluate the performance parameters like packet delivery ratio, memory overhead, message overhead, control overhead and packet delays in comparison to the mesh based multicast routing protocols such as On-demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP) and Enhanced ODMRP (EODMRP). MMRNS performs better than ODMRP and EODMRP as observed from the simulation results.

Multiagent driven dynamic clustering of vehicles in VANETs

Cluster formation in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is a challenging problem due to rapidly changing network topology and frequent network disconnections of vehicles. Dynamic clustering is a technique to form grouping of vehicles on the fly. We propose a multiagent driven dynamic clustering scheme for VANETS on a lane between two intersections by considering vehicle speed, direction, connectivity degree to other vehicles and mobility pattern. The scheme comprises of heavy-weight static and light-weight mobile agents. Initially, cluster members are identified based on vehicles relative speed and direction for dynamic clustering. Cluster head is selected among the cluster members based on stability metric derived from connectivity degree, average speed and time to leave the road intersection. Cluster head predicts future association of cluster members based on mobility patterns. The announcement of cluster mobility pattern to all cluster members is made by cluster head. The cluster members with similar mobility pattern can reconnect with cluster head after passing an intersection of the lane. We have evaluated the performance and effectiveness of proposed scheme by comparing with an existing clustering scheme. It is observed that proposed scheme performs better than existing stable clustering scheme in terms of cluster formation time, cluster member selection time, cluster head selection time and control overheads.

A survey on authentication schemes in VANETs for secured communication

Abstract A vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is a class of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) which supports, vehicle to vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communications. The significant features of VANET includes, self-organization, distributed networking, and highly dynamic topology. The VANET features and its applications to road safety have attracted a lot of interest in industry and academia more so into the research on improvement of transportation systems for saving millions of lives. The transmission of messages in open-access environment like VANET leads to the most critical and challenging security issues. Authentication, data confidentiality, data integrity, data availability, and non-repudiation are crucial components of security in VANET. This paper focuses on the authentication schemes in VANET as it plays a important role in secured communication. The authentication schemes are basically classified into three categories: cryptography techniques, digital signatures, and message verification techniques. The main objective of this paper is to provide a taxonomy of authentication schemes, and discuss their mechanisms, advantages, disadvantages, performance and scope of research. Furthermore, the paper concludes with presentation of open security issues in VANET authentication.

Mesh Based Multicast Routing in MANET: Stable Link Based Approach

—The group-oriented services are one of the primary application classes that are addressed by mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) in recent years. To support such services, multicast routing is used. Thus, there is a need to design stable and reliable multicast routing protocols for MANETs to ensure better packet delivery ratio, lower delays and reduced control overheads. In this paper, we propose a mesh based multicast routing scheme that finds stable multicast path from source to receivers. The multicast mesh is constructed by using route request and route reply packets with the help of multicast routing information cache and link stability database maintained at every node. The stable paths are found based on selection of stable forwarding nodes that have high stability of link connectivity. The link stability is computed by using the parameters such as received power, distance between neighboring nodes and the link quality assessed using bit errors in a packet. The proposed scheme is simulated over a large number of MANET nodes with wide range of mobility and the performance is evaluated. It is observed that proposed scheme produces better packet delivery ratio, less control overheads and reduced packet delay compared to on-demand multicast routing protocol (ODMRP).

Connectivity and Mobility Aware Dynamic Clustering in VANETs

In this position paper, we present dynamic and stable clustering scheme in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET) based on relative speed and connectivity among neighboring vehicles. The proposed scheme uses multiagent system to form dynamic and stable clusters in VANETs on a lane between two intersections by considering vehicle speed, direction, connectivity degree to other vehicles and mobility pattern. Multiagent system comprises of heavy-weight static and light-weight mobile agents. Clustering performance is measured in terms of cluster formation time and cluster head selection time.