Sidinei Zwick Radons

Necessidade de irrigação para o feijoeiro na região central do Rio Grande do Sul

The lack of knowledge about the likelihood of occurence of bad weather is a problem for production planning of the bean. This study aimed to determine the values of water depth and number of irrigations required for common bean at different sowing times, considering the storage capacity of available water (CAD) of the main soils of central region of Rio Grande do Sul . The cycle simulation was performed using the thermal time in ten sowing times (ES) and in each year of the historical series of meteorological data for the period between 1968 and 2006. Irrigation was simulated for 13 soils of the region covered by meteorological station of Santa Maria, which were grouped in six groups. To simulate the irrigation, four handlings were used: 0.8, 0.7, 0.6 and 0.5 corresponding to the maximum depletion of 20, 30, 40 and 50% of CAD, respectively. The variation of soil water content was determined by soil water balance, considering the irrigation. The greater demand for irrigation occurred in last sowing times of the main crop season and lowest at the begining of the main and second crop season. For the 90% probability of occurrence of the water depth ranged between 32 and 143 mm and the number of irrigations between 3 and 20 during cycle.

Saldo de radiação diurno em dosséis de batata como função da radiação solar global

The objective of this work was to determine the relationship between net radiation (Rn) and incident solar radiation (Rg) in potato canopy at six different cultivation periods and stages of development in order to generate linear models that describe this relationship. The experiments were conducted in the experimental area of University of Santa Maria, RS, in the years of 2004 to 2007. Rn was measured by net radiometers in six experiments and Rg by automatic weather station, situated 30 to 80 m from the experiments. For purposes of calculation, were performed daily sums of Rn and Rg. Through these, it was calculated the Rn/Rg ratio for each day. There was obtained a good relationship between changes in Rn and Rg. This relationship was confirmed in the regression analysis, obtaining models with high correlation coefficient, indicating precisely to estimate net radiation in potato canopies as a function of incident solar radiation (Rg), irrespective of season. The function general linear obtained with data from different years, growing seasons and genotypes was not sensitive to leaf area index, resulting in: Rg Rn = 0.6410 (R2 = 0.976), that in the test showed RQME = 0.75 MJ m-2 dia-1. The diurnal energy flux density of net radiation can be estimated through using the flux density of global solar radiation measured in automatic stations with sufficient accuracy for modeling.

Plastocrono e número final de nós de cultivares de soja em função da época de semeadura

The plastochron, which is the time interval between the appearance of two successive nodes and the final node number (FNN) are important variables of the vegetative development in soybean. The objective of this study was to determine the plastochron and the FNN of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) cultivars sown in different dates under irrigated conditions in a subtropical location. A field experiment was carried out in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil during 2005/2006 growing season, with three sowing dates (09/11/2005, 09/12/2005 and 28/01/2006). It was used 15 soybean cultivars recommended for the Central and North Argentina, and South and Southeast Brazil. The variables measured were the number of nodes (NN) and the (FNN) on the main stem. The plastochron was estimated by the inverse of the slope of the linear regression between NN and the thermal time (base temperature = 10°C) accumulated since plant emergence. The late sowing resulted in lower plastochron and FNN, probably because of the lower photoperiod under which the plants were submitted in the node phase, a typical response of short day plants.

Produtividade da batata em função da irrigação e do controle químico da requeima

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different levels of irrigation and chemical control on yield and occurrence of Late Blight in potato cv. Asterix, at Santa Maria - RS. Two experiments were conducted at the Crop Science Department, Federal University of Santa Maria. One experiment was carried out during spring-summer, 2005/2006 and the second, during fall 2006. The experimental design was a complete randomized, with four replications. The Blitecast model was used to indicate the timing of spraying, by accumulating severity values (VS). Sprinkler irrigation was used corresponding to 1.0, 0.75, 0.50 ETm and no irrigation. Results showed that in dry and high temperature periods, yield was affected by irrigation, mainly when crop water demand was supplied with 100% ETm. During wet periods, yield was affected by the efficient control of Late Blight. The Blitecast model with a severity value of 18 (Bli18) was the most efficient for controlling the disease. Irrigations applied at least every three days did not affect Late Blight incidence and development.

Sistemas de previsão de requeima em cultivos de batata em Santa Maria, RS

The forecast systems are an alternative to the efficient control of late blight potatoes and consequent reduction in the amount of fungicide and thereby reduce production costs and environmental pollution. The objective of this study was to evaluate forecast systems, Blitecast and Prophy, for late blight occurrence in Macaca potato cultivar in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The experiments were carried out during Spring 2006 and Autumn 2007 with the Macaca cultivar characterized as susceptible to late blight. Meteorological data were collected at the center of the experimental area with an automatic station and with psicrometers installed at different heights. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design, with four replications. Treatments were differentiated by using accumulated values of severity, which were calculated by the Blitecast and Prophy forecasting systems. The values of severity accumulated had the purpose of indicating the time of fungicide application for late blight control. The use of the forecast system of late blight, Prophy, with accumulation of 15, 20 or 25 values of severity, and system Blitecast with 24 accumulated severity for a potato susceptible genotype, Macaca, reduces the number of applications of fungicides without affecting productivity.

Severity of Septoria Leaf Spot and Sunflower Yield Due to Leaf Wetness Duration

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of leaf wetness on the severity of septoria leaf spot in sunflower. The experiments were performed in two sowing dates in November and January in Santa Maria, RS. Sunflower inoculation was carried out with the Septoria helianthi isolate, with subsequent assessment of disease severity, progress and cypsela yield. The treatments were composed of different periods of 0, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28 and 32 hours of artificially applied leaf wetness. Variables influencing the disease were observed during the cycle, such as mean air temperature, mean relative air humidity and daily-accumulated rainfall. The greater the leaf wetness the greater the severity and the area under the disease progress curve. Meantime, the healthy leaf area duration has an inverse relation with leaf wetness duration. The yield also decreases with greater leaf wetness duration and the yield reduction reaches 100% in the plants exposed to the longer leaf wetness periods.