Silvane Barcelos Carlotto

Poder germinativo de sementes de capim-annoni-2 (Eragrostis plana Ness) recuperadas em fezes de bovinos

This work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect of the bovine digestion process on the germination capacity of the capim-annoni-2 (Eragrostisplana Ness) seeds recovered in feces. The seeds (6 g, 27,273 seeds) were placed in a ruminal ventral sack of eight fistulated steers kept in pen trial. Forthy-three percent of the offered seeds were recovered in the feces. Seeds recovered in the first three days corresponded to 97.2% of the offered seeds. Only 7.2% of the recovered seeds germinated and represented 3.1% of the offered seeds. The permanence time in the digestive trait was the main cause for the disappearance of consumed seeds and for the loss in their germination capacity. The absence of capim-annoni-2 seeds in the feces occurs in the eighth day after ingestion, then, bovines should be kept in quarantine for seven days in an area free of capim-annoni-2 seeds to clean their digestive trait.

Comportamento ingestivo diurno de vacas primíparas em pastagem nativa dominada por capim-annoni-2 com suplementação proteica e mineral em diversas estações climáticas

The influence was assessed of protein and mineral supplementation on the ingestive behavior of pregnant heifers on a native grassland dominated by capim-annoni-2 (Eragrostis plana Ness) supplementation with common salt, mineral salt, protein salt and protein salt and reproduction salt (1:1). The hypothesis was tested that different mineral and protein salt supplements could promote alterations in the animal grazing ingestive behavior. The study was carried out in a 37 ha area of native pasture invaded by capim-annoni-2, divided into 8 paddocks (experimental units). The animals were evaluated during the daylight period on two consecutive days, in each one of the climatic seasons, from April 2006 to March 2007. A randomized complete design was used with two replications. The grazing time, ruminating, idling and other activities did not differ among supplements, and the average daily values for these activities were 505, 108, 70 and 11 min., respectively. The grazing time, ruminating, idling and bite rate differed significantly among the climatic seasons. Protein salt and mineral salt supplementation does not promote significant changes in the animals ingestive behavior. The ingestive behavior is, however, influenced by the climatic seasons.

Bezerros de Corte Desmamados Precocemente Alimentados com Silagem de Triticale Associada a Diferentes Níveis de Concentrado

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the food intake, food conversion and weight gain of Braford calves, weaned with 88 days of age, fed with triticale silage associated to 35, 45, 55 or 65% concentrate, dry matter basis. The animals were fed ad libitum, twice daily with the 15% CP diet. The experiment was conducted during 84 days, divided in four periods of 21 days. Average daily intakes of dry matter (DMI) expressed in kg (DMID), per 100 kg of live weight (DMI%) and per unit of metabolic weight (DMIMW), of NDF in kg (NDFI) and per 100 kg of live weight (NDFI%), food conversion (FC) and average daily weight gain (ADG) were evaluated. The regression analysis showed linear increases for DMID, DMI%, DMIMW and ADG, as the concentrate level increased. The ADG was 270, 536, 728 and 784 g, respectively, for the four concentrate levels. Quadratic answers were observed for NDFI, NDFI%, final weight and FC, as the concentrate level increased. No interaction was observed between concentrate level and experimental period for the studied variables, but DMID, DMI%, NDFI% and ADG increased as the experimental period advanced. To obtain rates of weight gain appropriate, aiming the early weaning, it is recommended to associate the triticale silage with 45% or more concentrate in the diet.