Silvester Tursiloadi

Effect temperature of supercritical CO2 fluid extraction on phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of Zingiber officinale Roscoe

Supercritical fluid extraction of Zingiber officinale Roscoe has been carried out at a pressure of 16 MPa, with temperatures between 20-40 °C, during extraction time of 6 hours and the flow rate of CO2 fluid 5.5 ml/min. The result of supercritical method was compared with the extraction maceration using a mixture of water and ethanol (70% v/v) for 24 hours. The main content in ginger that has a main role as an antioxidant is a gingerol compound that can help neutralize the damaging effects caused by free radicals in the body, as anti-coagulant, and inhibit the occurrence of blood clots. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature on chemical components contained in rough extract of Zingiber officinale Roscoe and its antioxidant activity, total phenol and total flavonoid content. To determine the chemical components contained in the crude extract of Zingiber officinale Roscoe extracted by supercritical fluid and maceration extraction, GC-MS analysis was performed. Meanwhile, the antioxidant acti...

Carbonization of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) in Hydrothermal Processes to Produce Biochar

Empty fruit bunch (EFB) of palm oil is a waste from the palm oil industries which in a large amount, those waste is not properly utilized yet. EFB is a lignocelluloses waste as a polymer with big molecule such as cellulose, lignin, and hemicelluloses that can be degraded into smaller molecules in hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process. The HTC process of EFB will result three fractions such as gas, organic water soluble and biochar as solid residue or bio-char-water-slurry. EFB degradation is influenced by the operation conditions such as temperature, pressure, catalysts, reaction time, stirring and ratio liquid and solid. The HTC process involved many routes of reaction such as liquefaction, hydrolysis, dehydration, decarboxylation, condensation, aromatization, and polymerization. In this experiment 60 ml closed vessel was used as the HTC reactor to degrade of EFB. EFB concentration of 6.44% resulted 62% of conversion. Reaction time of 6 hours resulted 62 % of conversion. Increasing the reaction time and temperature increase the conversion of EFB. Liquid products of organic water soluble has cleared yellow color, after several hours the color become darkness that is further reaction still occurs in that solution. Solid products is biochar as brown coal, that can be easily separated and processed into powder, pellet or briquette form with outstanding storage and transport characteristics. For further economic development, biochar with excellent transport characteristics, the possibility of exporting this commodity to the worlds energy market is possible.